The purpose of this study was to determine the different reasons for root canal failure in the department of dentistry at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. It was a cross sectional study which was based on collection and interpretation of data. Seventy patients of both genders were selected from dental out patient department of PIMS. All patients selected, presented with post endodontic c...

Success of endodontic treatment requires the knowledge and morphology of root canal anatomy. Undetected additional canals in mandibular premolar is a common reason for endodontic failure. This presents with diagnostic difficulty and subsequent flare ups and poor prognosis. Location of additional canals is the key to successful endodontic management. This case report describes endodontic managem...

Why do patients avoid going to the dentist? According to a survey from the American Dental Association (1), fear of pain is the greatest factor that prevents patients from visiting their dentist. Additional surveys (2, 3) have found that 90% of dentists have some anesthetic difficulties during restorative dentistry procedures. In endodontics, Wallace and coworkers (4) surveyed Diplomates of the...

Although sodium hypochlorite is the most frequently used canal irrigant during endodontic treatment, its complications are not as well recognized as its effectiveness. This report demonstrates that sodium hypochlorite extrusion during endodontic treatment can cause severe complications. A 5-year-old boy experienced immediate pain and swelling, ecchymosis in surrounding tissues, and profuse blee...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the presence of the coronal restoration and endodontic treatment success or failure. METHODS This study comprised 200 endodontically treated teeth with 441 roots. Follow-up examination was conducted 4 +/- 0.5 years after completion of endodontic treatment. Outcome criteria were modified from Strindberg. RESULTS Teeth/roots restored with perm...

BACKGROUND: Until recently the most accepted technique of doing root canal treatment stresses multiple visit procedure. Most schools also concentrated upon teaching the multi-visit concept. However, it has now been reported that the procedure of single visit treatment is advocated by at least 70% of schools in all geographical areas. It was therefore the aims of the present study to find the in...

â  â  love and affection from jibran's point of view â  â  â  sadegh fathi dehkordi * â  â  abstract â  from the view point of jibran khalil jibran, affection is the law of life and the base of all things in the world. affection is one of the manifestations of god and it is a light extracted from other lights. real affection is endless .the human being cannot learn affection because it is ...