As the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) becomes more prevalent around the globe, the Internet has changed the way government and citizens interact with each other. The development of E-Government has been increasingly considered as a reflection of a country’s informatization, modernization and democratization. In China, as the Internet users increased rapidly (CNNIC, 2005), the E-...

HSV 2 is common human pathogen that lead to lifelong latent infection and may be associate with trans mission from mother to their fetus. The risk factors associated with HSV 2 seropositivity in pregnant women in Iraq are not known. The present study conducted to verify the prevalence of HSV 2 infect ions in women with bad obstetric history (BOH) in Kirkuk Governorate. HSV 2 seropositivity amon...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to explore the obstacles to collaborations between nurses in hospital and municipal care in the discharge of hospital patients who need continuing care. METHODS First, we conducted in-depth interviews of nurses in hospitals and nurses in municipal care. Second, we developed questionnaires and distributed them to a representative sample of Norwegian munici...

This paper compares life-cycle greenhouse gas GHG emissions from two municipal solid waste MSW management options, municipal waste combustion, and landfilling, using a U.S. EPA life-cycle assessment LCA model, the MSW Decision Support Tool. Unlike previously reported LCAs, key combustion model inputs—total MSW carbon content and its biogenic/fossil split—are determined not from MSW composition ...

Waste collectors have a theoretical risk of Hepatitis A virus infection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) among municipal solid waste workers (MSWWs) in a municipality of central Greece. A seroprevalence study of HAV was conducted among 208 employees (100 waste collectors and 108 municipal gardeners) of a municipality in ce...

We examine the determinants of the realized bid-ask spread in the U.S. corporate, municipal and government bond markets for the years 1995 to 1997, based on newly available transactions data. Overall, we find that liquidity is an important determinant of the realized bid-ask spread all three markets. Specifically, in all markets, the realized bid-ask spread decreases in the trading volume. Addi...

Access to a sufficient amount of safe water is taken for granted in industrialised nations. Yet, as multiple incidents of contaminated water supplies show, citizens of highly industrialised nations such as Canada may not have access to safe water—the deadly E. coli outbreak in Waterton, Ontario, being but the most visible among many. Municipal engineers may find themselves between enemy lines a...

The Environment Agency is required to monitor the diversion of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) from landfill. Reliable methods are needed to measure the biodegradability of municipal waste, both as mixed municipal waste and as individually separated fractions. An evaluation of several methods was carried out using a variety of organic materials typically found in municipal solid waste. The ...

The present investigation is a case study of Lucknow, the main metropolis in Northern India, which succumbs to a major problem of municipal solid waste and its management. A qualitative investigation using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis (SWOT) has been successfully implemented through this community participation study. This qualitative investigation emphasizes the li...