The United States' pursuit of increasingly TRIPS-Plus levels of intellectual property protection for medicines in bilateral and regional trade agreements is well recognized. Less so, however, are U.S. efforts through these agreements to influence and constrain the pharmaceutical coverage programs of its trading partners. Although arguably unsuccessful in the Australia- U.S. Free Trade Agreement...

Primary objective of this paper is to explain why Korea has been successful in economic growth and industrial transformation while Iran has failed in this area. To explain the different performances of the two countries, we have looked at their initial level of industrialization, nature of political regimes and economic institutions, trade and industrial policies in the two countries. Our c...

Transnational trade holds opportunities for prosperity and development if accompanied by a robust political legal framework. Yet, where such framework is missing, transnational frequently associated with, among others, negative impacts on the environment. Applying comparison, this article assesses recent free agreements, i.e., Mercosur Agreement, CETA EU–Vietnam Free Trade negotiated European U...

trips agreement (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) is one of the binding agreements of world trade organization, upon the cases originate from that agreement also heared at dispute settlement understanding. one different character of trips agreement is expressing minimum standards. the diverse explanation of its articles may lead to some controversy between members of world...

In a simple model where global trade negotiations precede sequential Free Trade Agreement (FTA) formation, we show global tari¤ negotiations can prevent global free trade: FTA formation can yield global free trade in the absence of global tari¤ negotiations, but global free trade never emerges when global tari¤ negotitaions precede FTA formation. Intuitively, global tari¤ negotiations can preve...