Major basic protein (MBP), the core of the eosinophil granule, is a potent toxin for parasites and mammalian cells; it also causes histamine release from mast cells and basophils. Plasma levels of MBP are increased in all pregnant women, and MBP has been localized by immunofluorescence to placental X cells and placental-site giant cells. Analyses of plasma MBP levels during pregnancy showed a s...

We estimate that permitting inmate labor would likely increase national output, but by less than 0.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product. The largest social benefits from inmate labor are likely to come about from decreased recidivism, although the effect of inmate labor on subsequent crime and recidivism rates has not been adequately studied. The potential inmate workforce is low skilled. We est...

This study investigates the structure and trends of the labor market in China in the economic transition. Based on two large-scale repeated surveys, we cover a variety of rarely explored issues related to the labor market in China. These issues include labor market participation and various employment such as second jobs and post retirement employment, labor supply issues like working hours, wo...

Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling has provided a number of important insights about the interplay between environmental tax policy and the pre-existing tax system. In this paper, we emphasize that a labor market policy of recycling tax revenues from an environmental tax to lower employers’ non-wage labor cost depends on how the costs of labor are modeled. We propose an approach, whi...

The demand for labor in the long run should be important to labor economists for a variety of reasons. So long as the supply of labor to an occupation, industry or area is not perfectly elastic in the long run, the nature of demand for labor in that subsector interacts with the shape of the supply function to determine the level of wages. As in the market for a commodity, so too in the market f...

Child Labor and Household Wealth: Theory and Empirical Evidence of an Inverted-U Some studies on child labor have shown that greater land wealth leads to higher child labor, thereby casting doubt on the hypothesis that child labor is caused by poverty. This paper argues that the missing ingredient is an explicit modeling of the labor market. We develop a simple model which suggests an inverted-...

Placental oxidative stress is a feature of both human labor and the pregnancy syndrome preeclampsia. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) can be induced in cells as a protective mechanism to cope with cellular stress. We hypothesized that HSP 70 would increase during labor and preeclampsia and that expression would vary in different placental zones. Samples were obtained from 12 sites within each placent...

OBJECTIVE To review and synthesize qualitative research studies of women's perceptions of professional labor support. DATA SOURCES Journal articles dated from 1990 to 2001. Search terms included labor support, labor and delivery, childbirth, birth, and caring during labor. Qualitative studies and combined quantitative/qualitative studies with open-ended questions were included. STUDY SELECT...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the possible clinical parameters for prediction of successful labor induction in Chinese nulliparous women. MATERIAL/METHODS A retrospective, observational trial of labor induction was performed, using a single dose of 10 mg controlled-release dinoprostone for preinduction cervical ripening in 127 nulliparous women (gestational age 38-42 weeks, ...