Three dimensions of the performance of firms in Ghana’s manufacturing sector are investigated in this paper: their technology and the importance of technical and allocative efficiency. We show that the diversity of factor choices in not due to a non-homothetic technology. Observable skills are not quantitatively important as determinants of productivity. Technical inefficiency is not lower in f...

A partly heuristic attempt at exploring long-run policies aimed at a second-best compromise between ex ante risk-sharing efficiency and ex post productive efficiency. Wage subsidies for low-skilled workers financed by taxes on high wages are advocated, together with improved risk sharing between capital and labour, between generations and between the countries belonging to EMU. The scope of the...

BACKGROUND Companionship during labor is known to have both physical and psychosocial benefits to mother and baby. Sri Lanka made a policy decision to allow a labour companion in 2011. However, implementation has been unsatisfactory. Given the leading role Obstetricians play in the implementation of policy, a study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices among them. ME...

This paper is concerned with equity and efficiency in social security. If social security, ormore specifically unemployment insurance, leads to losses in employment and output, menwhy is it such a widely observed phenomenon? The first rationale for social security isutility interdependence or a preference for equality, combined with the public goodcharacter of income redistribut...

a quasi experimental study was conducted in the labour rooms of one of the hospital's of the university of   medical science of iran, to compare the effect ofcord blood drainage and oxytocin injection into the umblicat   vein in the duration of the third stage of labour.   a total of 180 women in the course of normal pregnancies with no complications and normal vaginal   dd ivery were sele...

Agriculture is an important engine of growth and poverty reduction in much of Africa, Nigeria inclusive. But the sector is underperforming in part because women, who are often crucial resource in agriculture and rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. An understanding of these constraints is a prerequisite to devising policies to improve agricultural production and produ...

This article has considered the volume and direction of Iran’s trade using the gravity model. The major issue in this analysis is to explore why Iran over or under-traded with the 76 countries relative to the predicted trade flows of the model. The study attempts to explore the reasons from the respect of both the model itself and Iran’s trade structure. This is done by analysing the performanc...

Introduction: Reducing the labour by an unskilful person is an important strategy in promotion of mother's health and reducing the maternal mortality as the fifth millennium development goals. Methods: This retrospective and descriptive study was accomplishd in 2010.The samples were 189 Iranian mothers with labour by unskilful person in urban and rural area affiliated to Mashhad University of M...

Background and aim: The third stage of labour is one of the most troublesome stages of child delivery. The basic principle of the third stage management is administrating prophylactic uterotonics. However, the time of its administration varies in different hospitals. This study aimed to determine the effect of intramuscular oxytocin injection after emergence of the fetal anterior shoulder or pl...

 Abstract Background and objective: Pain relief during labour is an important determinant of a women’s birth experience. There are numerous pain relief techniques which can be used either with or without pain medication. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of remifentanil alone and its effect in pain relief while using with ketamine during labour. Methods: After obtaining informed co...