SO-CAETID fermentation lactic acids are generally believed to be inactive, since it was ascertained by Phelps & Palmer [1917] and Pederson et al. [1926] that optically inactive lactic acid was produced in many natural fermentations. The lactic acid in Sake was found to be the inactive form, although not only inactive lactic acid-producing organisms (Lactobacillus sake), but also optically activ...

Lactic acid is an important chemical with various industrial applications, and it can be efficiently produced by fermentation, in which Bacillus coagulans strains present excellent performance. Betaine can promote lactic acid fermentation as an effective osmoprotectant. Here, positive effect of betaine on fermentation by B. coagulans is revealed. Betaine could enhance lactic acid production by ...

INTRODUCTION Blood acidification by lactic acid infusion converts bicarbonate to CO2. This effect can be exploited to increase the transmembrane PCO2 gradient of an extracorporeal membrane lung, resulting in a significant increase of extracorporeal CO2 removal. Lactic acid, however, is an energetic substrate and its metabolism might increase total body CO2 production (VCO2), limiting the potent...

Lactic acid bacteria are a group of gram-positive, non-spore forming, cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates. They consisted of many genus including Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella. Lactic acid bacteria have...

Bovine ruminal acidosis is of economic importance as it contributes to reduced milk and meat production. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to an overload of highly fermentable carbohydrate, resulting in increased d(-) lactic acid levels in serum and plasma. Ruminal acidosis correlates with elevated acute phase proteins in blood, along with neutrophil activation and infiltration into various ...

Lactic acid was originally a by-product of glucose metabolism, but many studies have shown that lactic plays vital role in regulating immune cell polarization, differentiation and effector functions. In this study, we provide evidence low pH impaired the function CD4+ T cells response to TCR non-TCR stimulation. Specifically, or hydrochloric treatment significantly decreased IL-2 IFN-γ producti...

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high molecular weight and biodegradable polymers. They are biosynthesized by a wide range of bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are also able to produce EPSs. EPSs can be classified into two groups. These are homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides. Homopolysaccharides are polymers which are composed of one type of monosaccharide. Heteropolysaccharides are ...

Cortisone has an influence on the course of infectious diseases, as well as on the intensity of the inflammatory response (1-3). One of the important cells in the antibacterial defense and in the inflammatory response is the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. This cell has a very high production of lactic acid in the presence of oxygen and this rate is not altered significantly by the concentration o...

Lactic acid accumulates in contracting muscle and blood beginning at approximately 50-70% of the maximal O2 uptake, well before the aerobic capacity is fully utilized. The classical explanation has been that part of the muscle is O2 deficient and therefore lactate production is increased to provide supplementary anaerobically derived energy. Currently, however, the predominant view is that lact...