The emergence of new species is one of the trickiest issues of evolutionary biology. We propose a cellular automata model to investigate the possibility that speciation proceeds in sympatry, focusing on the importance of the structure of the landscape on the likelihood of speciation. The conditions for speciation are shown to be limited whatever the landscape being considered, although habitat ...

Animal dispersal in a fragmented landscape depends on the complex interaction between landscape structure and animal behavior. To better understand how individuals disperse, it is important to explicitly represent the properties of organisms and the landscape in which they move. A common approach to modelling dispersal includes representing the landscape as a grid of equal sized cells and then ...

Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape (MCL) woody vegetation was characterized to establish structural and compositional attributes. Stratified random sampling based on major soil types was used and nine plant variables were measured in 137(20x30) m2 sampling plots; these being genera, species and family names; basal circumference; plant height; depth and diameter of tree canopy; number of s...

The interrelationships of the fundamental biological processes natural selection, mutation, and stochastic drift are quantified by the entropy rate of Moran processes with mutation, measuring the long-run variation of a Markov process. The entropy rate is shown to behave intuitively with respect to evolutionary parameters such as monotonicity with respect to mutation probability (for the neutra...

We present a fractal technique for addressing geometric analogy problems from the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices test of general intelligence. In this method, an image is represented fractally, capturing its inherent selfsimilarity. We apply these fractal representations to problems from the Raven's test, and show how these representations afford a new method for solving complex geometri...

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We investigate the influence of fractal structure on material properties. We calculate the statistical correlation functions of fractal media defined by level-cut Gaussian random fields. This allows the modeling of both surface fractal and mass fractal materials. Variational bounds on the conductivity, diffusivity and elastic moduli of the materials are evaluated. We find that a fractally rough...

Landscape genomics correlates genetic variation patterns with geographic variables to investigate how geographical and environmental characteristics affect the genetic structure of populations (Luikart et al., 2003; Joost et al., 2007; Holderegger & Wagner, 2008; Pariset et al., 2009; Shwartz et al., 2009). A field combining molecular markers, genetics and landscape structure was first describe...

The main goal of Multiland is to generate neutral landscapes made of several types of regions, with an exact control of the proportions occupied by each type of region (see Gaucherel et al., 2014, for a review of current landscape modelling approaches). An important feature of the software is that it allows a control of the landscape fragmentation. It is intended to theoretical studies on the e...