W herever one turns these days, one seems to run into comments about the financial condition of the American household. Most of these comments refer to sources of increasing stress on the American consumer, from the historically low household savings rate to the historically high rates of bankruptcy and debt delinquency. On top of all this, demographic trends are raising the prospect of having ...

This brief paper aims to draw attention the widespread and ongoing phenomenon of lexical borrowing from Khoekhoe-branch languages into regional Afrikaans. A case study one Afrikaans plant name loaned languages, karee (Searsia lancea, Searsia spp.), is used demonstrate how post-shift phonological attrition can lead conflation, hence semantic extension. strongly recommends that public-facing scie...

Borrowability has been a topic in language contact research since the field began. It has been approached from various angles, and has led to borrowability hierarchies that rank parts of speech according to the ease with which they can be borrowed. Such hierarchies provide a starting point for explanatory efforts: why is it, for example, that nouns are eminently borrowable, and why is inflectio...

Within the field of Loanword Phonology, the issue of diachronic change and social variation has only recently begun to be addressed. With respect to diachronic change, Kang (2010) argues that the driving forces in loanword adaptation can evolve over time, with early adaptation being primarily perceptually-driven and later adaptation involving more categorical mappings at the abstract/systemic l...

In this work, we will investigate hybridization, borrowing, and grammatical reorganization phenomena in the Arbëresh dialects of San Marzano (Apulia) Vena di Maida (central Calabria). The data from S. Benedetto Ullano (northern Calabria) be useful to provide a comparative frame. is name Albanian varieties spoken villages/cities generally formed late fifteenth century by communities fleeing Alba...

Every language has its own phonetic characteristics, including Arabic and Indonesian. However, interactions between communities can influence the development change of language. This be observed through vocabulary that is borrowed modified from other languages, known as loanwords. In this study, library research method was used to search process information. The main sources were Arabic-Indones...

A common perspective in macro-finance analyses links firms’ borrowing constraints to the liquidation value of physical assets firms pledge as collateral. We empirically investigate borrowing by non-financial firms in the US. We find that 20% of corporate debt by value is collateralized by specific physical assets (“asset-based lending” in creditor parlance), while 80% is based predominantly on ...