It is axiomatic that most children, unlike adults, learn to speak and understand a second language (L2) in a native-like manner1 (Munro, Flege, & MacKay, 1996). One of the most salient factors influencing the outcome of child and adult L2 learning is the effect of the leamer's native language (Ll) on the ability to learn L2 consonants and vowels (or "sounds" for short). Adult L2 learners' speec...

This research aims to knowing what language sounds are used and the process of sound change in toddler speech. uses a qualitative approach. The data sources this is five children aged two three years. method collection stage listening with fishing technique, note-taking engagement technique recording technique. analyze match agih method. presentation result analysis carried out by formal method...

Schizophrenia impairs many cognitive functions, and abnormalities in language processing have been proposed as one of the bases for this disorder. Previously, it was reported that different magnetoencephalography (MEG) patterns of the evoked oscillatory activity (eOA) of 20-45 Hz to speech and nonspeech sounds were evidence of a fast mechanism for the representation and identification of speech...

In this paper we discuss some issues in processing speech signals, especially for isolated utterances of characters of a language. For processing this speech signal we have no clues of higher level linguistic information such a s prosodics, lexical, syntax, and semantics. Any representation of signals in terms of fixed parameters for each short (10-20 msec) segment is not likely to provide the ...

This paper presents a system for the identification of vocal and vocal-like sounds by means of a classificatory scheme based upon their prosodic attributes. The system firstly segments examples of the sound classes in question and performs a number of analyses on these segments in order to determine their prosodic attributes. Then, it builds a classificatory scheme, which will be used to identi...

Learning to speak is a more complex task than just discovering the articulatory movements required for the production of speech segments. Most children learn to recognize and produce the sounds of their language community quite early and grow gradually towards the complex patterns of adult phonology. In general, phonological theories present extensive descriptions about sound structures in many...

“Language is a purely human non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means voluntarily produced symbols.”--Edward Sapir (1921) At the outset English language plays vital role in every walk life either home town or abroad. How created? In primitive era monolithic man communicated his matter message through gestures. Later on, he used sounds. The sounds become words ...

This paper describes a case study of creating a musical language consisting of earcon-type sounds for an intelligent mobile device. The focus in sound design has been on machine-initiated interaction cases defining a way for the device to both catch the user's attention and at the same time give initial information about what caused the device to react. Psychological implications regarding aler...

It is clear that the ability to learn new speech contrasts changes over development, such that learning to categorize speech sounds as native speakers of a language do is more difficult in adulthood than it is earlier in development. There is also a wealth of data concerning changes in the perception of speech sounds during infancy, such that infants quite rapidly progress from language-general...

When human beings perceive speech sounds, they categorize the sounds into one or another phonemic category. The mechanism which is responsible for this phenomenon remains unknown. Is it influenced by listeners’ long term language experience or does it reflect some general psychoacoustic aspects of processing? Previous study shows Cantonese level tones are perceived continuously in citation form...