Abstract The influence of usage frequency, and particularly linguistic similarity on human behavior change in situations language contact are well documented linguistics literature. However, a theoretical framework capable unifying the various explanations, which usually couched either structuralist, sociolinguistic, or psycholinguistic parlance, is still lacking. In this introductory article w...

This paper investigates the use of reduplicated English elements as aspects Nigerian usage in speech events among participants Calabar, a multilingual city Southern Nigeria. The study adopts Variationist Sociolinguistics and Sociopragmatic Competence theoretical foundations because both account for occurrence variation semantic change resulting from interference L1 other factors. data were gene...