The need for desks on which to put desktop computers and for laps on which to use laptop computers seems an unnecessary constraint for the virtual class. The concept of flexibility in learning is central to the virtual class and that is going to require mobile learning solutions. The current generation of mobile devices give us Internet and world wide web access: the next generation will have g...

In the early 21st century, firms are thinking seriously and practically about an interactive marketing paradigm— one that integrates mass scale with individual responsiveness. The focus of this paper is on how this interactive environment is changing the customer decision-making process. With the increased amount of information available, the existence of sophisticated decision aids such as int...

Portable computers are used to store and access sensitive information. They are frequently used in insecure locations with little or no physical protection, and are therefore susceptible to theft and unauthorized access. We propose an implicit user re-authentication system for portable computers that requires no application changes or hardware modifications. The proposed technique observes user...

There is an increase use of wireless technologies in education all over the world. In fact, wireless technologies such as laptop computers, palmtop computers, and mobile phones are revolutionizing education and transforming the traditional classroom based learning and teaching into anytime and anywhere education. This paper is about using the SMS messaging services of mobile phones for learning...

Mobile computers and wireless networks are emerging technologies that will soon be available to a wide variety of computer users. Unlike earlier generations of laptop computers, the new generation of mobile computers can be an integrated part of a distributed computing environment, one in which users change physical location frequently. The result is a new computing paradigm, nomadic computing....

Although a ubiquitous computing has been widespread and computers embedded into physical objects and living environments have been increased, personal portable devices are still necessary for various interactions with embedded computers. Despite of importance of those devices, input and output capabilities of them are limited and relatively impoverished compared to those of laptop computers. Mo...

The quality of measurement systems used in almost all natural sciences other than behavior analysis is usually evaluated through calibration study rather than relying on interobserver agreement. We demonstrated some of the basic features of calibration using observer-measured rates of free-operant responding from 10 scripted 10-min calibration samples on video. Five novice and 5 experienced obs...

Very little research exists on ergonomic exposures when using portable computing devices. This study quantified muscle activity (forearm and neck), posture (wrist, forearm and neck), and performance (gross typing speed and error rates) differences across three portable computing devices (laptop, netbook, and slate computer) and two work settings (desk and computer) during data entry tasks. Twel...

Effects of human laterality, type of computer and noise on computer operators' performance of a data entry task were investigated. Seven right- and 7 left-motorsided male subjects performed the task on desktop and laptop computers in a sitting posture under varying noise levels. The mean number of characters entered per minute was statistically analysed. The right-motorsided operators entered m...

Mobile technology is changing so fast, with new products being introduced daily, that any review of specific devices will rapidly be so out of date as to be unhelpful. Thus, this review focuses on general classes of device, with examples of manufacturers and machines for illustration only. There is a major convergence of technology in progress, which some view as leading towards single devices ...