Human skin is subject to frequent changes in ambient temperature and humidity and needs to cope with these environmental modifications. To decipher the molecular response of human skin to repeated climatic change, a versatile model of skin equivalent subject to "hot-wet" (40°C, 80% relative humidity [RH]) or "cold-dry" (10°C, 40% RH) climatic stress repeated daily was used. To obtain an exhaust...

Herbivores and fungal pathogens are key drivers of plant community composition and functioning. The effects of herbivores and pathogens are mediated by the diversity and functional characteristics of their host plants. However, the combined effects of herbivory and pathogen damage, and their consequences for plant performance, have not yet been addressed in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem...

the objective of the present study was to determine factors affecting body condition score (bcs) and its association with productive and reproductive performances in holstein cows. mixed model analysis was performed on monthly records of bcs from april 2006 to july 2012 comprising 34666 records from 3134 dairy cows in a large commercial dairy herd under arid climatic conditions of isfahan in ir...

BACKGROUND Key climatic factors influencing the transport of pesticides to drains and to depth were identified. Climatic characteristics such as the timing of rainfall in relation to pesticide application may be more critical than average annual temperature and rainfall. The fate of three pesticides was simulated in nine contrasting soil types for two seasons, five application dates and six syn...

Temporal differences among fossil pollen samples from eastern North America provide a measure of the amount of climatic change that occurred on a broad spatial scale since the last glacial maximum (21,000 cal yr BP). Square-chord distances (SCDs) quantify the difference between pollen samples, and, thus, represent the potential magnitude of climatic change underlying the pollen record. The magn...