There is increased interest in the use of summer-season fires to limit woody plant encroachment into grasslands, but effects of these fires on grasses are poorly understood. We quantified effects of repeated winter fires, repeated summer fires, and clipping (to simulate grazing) on aboveground total yield, live yield, and percentage of live tissue of C3 Texas wintergrass (Nassella leucotricha [...

Complete rest or grazing deferment is a general recommendation to encourage vegetative recovery following fire in the western United States. However, effects of grazing deferments on animal performance have not been determined. Prescribed fires were individually applied to nine separate, 1.5-ha pastures each year (2006 and 2007) for a total of 18 pastures. Grazing was deferred until spring (16 ...

Subtropical phytoplankton blooms were observed in winter and late spring (rather than early spring, as is typical) via shipboard observations an area south of the Kuroshio Extension northwestern North Pacific subtropical gyre. Satellite-based revealed that these submesoscale occurred warmer water masses cooler spring. The fact areas suggests they depend on column stratification caused by solar ...

1. We examined the effects of variation in the timing of spring leaf production and autumn leaf fall on the survival, mortality and abundance of Cameraria hamadryadella on Quercus alba and Q. macrocarpu. 2. We monitored and manipulated the timing of foliation on field and potted Q.alba trees and observed the abundance of C. hamadryadella on those trees. We also monitored and manipulated the tim...

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins were first described about 30 years ago as accumulating in plant seeds during late stages of embryogenesis. Later they were also found in vegetative plant tissues, especially after exposure to abiotic stresses and in several desiccation tolerant bacteria and invertebrates. Most LEA proteins are IDPs under physiological conditions and many fold upon dry...