the present paper aims to investigate the effects of modularity and the layout of subsystems and parts of a complex system on its maintainability. for this purpose, four objective functions have been considered simultaneously: i) maximizing the level of accordance between system design and optimum modularity design,ii) maximizing the level of accessibility and the maintenance space required,iii...

During the last millennium BCE, central places were founded across many regions of western (non-Maya) Mesoamerica. These early differed in environmental location, size, layout, and nature their public spaces monumental architecture. We compare a subset these regional centers find marked differences sustainability--defined as duration time that they remained respective regions. Early infrastruct...

In 3G mobile terminals the Viterbi Decoder consumes approximately one third of the power consumption of a base band mobile transceiver. Viterbi decoders employed in digital wireless communications are complex and dissipate large power. A low power Viterbi decoder is designed in circuit level using self reset logic and wave pipelining technique is implemented for high speed operation. The Viterb...

The Cell Matrix Architecture is a massive array of dynamically self-configurable, uniformly connected, identical computational units. This architecture can enable efficient, practical and powerful evolvable computing on the scale of quadrillions of logic gates. Nanotechnology manufacturing techniques likely will be necessary to produce a device at this scale in the future, with current Cell Mat...

The use of multiple pipelines in superscalar processors and increasing hardware support for intelligent compilers have resulted in processors becoming computationally intensive. There has been an increase in the number of function units, which are wider and operate at higher speeds. A high percentage of integer instructions executed in standard benchmarks reveal a high usage of integer function...

Digital signal processors (DSPs) provide dedicated data address generation units (AGUs) with multiple register les. These units allow data memory access by indirect addressing with automatic address modi cation. Typically, both linear and modulo addressing are supported. There is no address computation overhead if the next address is within the auto-modify range. Often, this range can be adapte...

there are some problems with estimating the time required for the manufacturing process of products, especially when there is a variable serving time, like control stage. these problems will cause overestimation of process time. layout constraints, reworking constraints and inflexible product schedule in multi product lines need a precise planning to reduce volume in particular situation of lin...

Wave energy conversion is one of the promising renewable energy technologies that is now facing the challenging steps towards early commercialization. Many of the technologies developed consist of small devices that are designed to be deployed in large parks of many units to produce a considerable amount of power. The wave energy converter (WEC) developed at Uppsala University belongs to this g...