Kriging surrogate model provides explicit functions to represent the relationships between the inputs and outputs of a linear or nonlinear system, which is a desirable advantage for response estimation and parameter identification in structural design and model updating problem. However, little research has been carried out in applying Kriging model to crack identification. In this work, a sche...

The area-to-point kriging method (ATPK) is an important technology of downscaling without auxiliary information in remote sensing. However, it uses a constant semivariogram to downscale geospatial variables, which ignores the spatial heterogeneity between objects. To deal with this kind heterogeneity, study proposes fuzzy object-based ATPK method, mainly consists three steps: extraction objects...

Sensible heat flux (H) plays an important role in characterizations of land surface water and heat balance. There are various types of H measurement methods that depend on observation scale, from local-area-scale eddy covariance (EC) to regional-scale large aperture scintillometer (LAS) and remote sensing (RS) products. However, methods of converting one H scale to another to validate RS produc...

This paper proposes a novel method to select an experimental design for interpolation in simulation. Although the paper focuses on Kriging in deterministic simulation, the method also applies to other types of metamodels (besides Kriging), and to stochastic simulation. The paper focuses on simulations that require much computer time, so it is important to select a design with a small number of ...

We present a method for efficiently fitting a time series of spatial functions to observed data. The method is closely related to kriging, which is an interpolation method based on a stochastic data model. While kriging is effective and versatile for estimating individual functions from observed data, it must be extended to incorporate temporal correlation. In this paper, we introduce temporal ...

The quality properties of andesite (Unit Volume Weight, Uniaxial Compression Strength, Los500, etc.) are required to determine the exploitable blocks and their sequence of extraction. However, the number of samples that can be taken and analyzed is restricted, and thus the quality properties should be estimated at unknown locations. Cokriging has been traditionally used in the estimation of spa...

Under the framework of the soil–wheat system, the sampling area was selected in the demonstration site of Lingxian country of Shandong province, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of 195 sites were collected by GreenSeeker optical sensor based on the GPS localization data. The main objective of the paper developed the comparison study by Kriging and BPNN algorithm for NDVI continuity...

This paper addresses the issue of modelling the uncertainty about the value of continuous soil Ž . attributes, at any particular unsampled location local uncertainty as well as jointly over several Ž . locations multiple-point or spatial uncertainty . Two approaches are presented: kriging-based and Ž . simulation-based techniques that can be implemented within a parametric e.g. multi-Gaussian o...

in the water resources planning and management, rainfall is considered as the main representative factor of region's hydroclimate system. there is a high level of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall events. rain gauges are used for precipitation measurement in different points of the region. due to limitations of rain gauges development, it is impossible to measure the exact distr...

BACKGROUND Ambient air ozone (O3) is a pulmonary irritant that has been associated with respiratory health effects including increased lung inflammation and permeability, airway hyperreactivity, respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function. Estimation of O3 exposure is a complex task because the pollutant exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns. To refine the quality of exposure estimatio...