Isoniazid (INH) is recommended for use as posttuberculosis exposure preventive therapy in children. However, no pharmacokinetic data are available for INH treatment in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, who undergo substantial developmental and physiological changes. Our objectives in this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of INH at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight/day and to...

OBJECTIVES To describe feeding patterns and mothers' perceptions of desirable feeding practices in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants after hospital discharge in England and to test for the association of inappropriate practices/perceptions with identifiable demographics. DESIGN Postal questionnaires from 198 mothers of LBW infants in London, Liverpool and Winchester were analysed regarding infan...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess correlations between various factors and the physical and mental development of 4-month-old infants using a multi-faceted evaluation approach. METHODS A total of 1,402 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to consenting mothers of infants who had undergone a 4-month health checkup in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan. The questionnaires incl...

BACKGROUND In 1978, kangaroo mother care (KMC) was proposed as a caring alternative for low birth weight (LBW) infants. We are reporting here early outcomes of a randomized, controlled trial comparing KMC to traditional care. METHOD An open randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital. All newborn infants </=2000 g, surviving the neonatal period and being eligi...

BACKGROUND Randomised trials have shown that early Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine reduces overall neonatal and infant mortality. However, no study has examined how BCG affects growth. We investigated the effect on infant growth of early BCG vaccine given to low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. METHODS Two-thousand three hundred forty-three LBW infants were randomly allocated 1:1 to "early B...

BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) remains a leading global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study leverages a large national survey to determine current prevalence and socioeconomic, demographic and heath related factors associated with LBW in Bangladesh. METHODS Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012-13 of Bangladesh were analyzed. A total of 2319 women f...

AIM To measure progress with the implementation of kangaroo mother care (KMC) for low birth-weight (LBW) infants at a health systems level. DESIGN Action research design, with district and regional hospitals as the unit of analysis. SETTING Four regions in Ghana, identified by the Ghana Health Service and UNICEF. PARTICIPANTS Health workers and officials, health care facilities and distri...

BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) has been associated with exposure to air pollution, but it is still unclear which sources or components of air pollution might be in play. The association between ultrafine particles and LBW has never been studied. OBJECTIVES To study the relationships between LBW in term born infants and exposure to particles by size fraction, source and chemical co...

s: Background: Giving birth to infants of low birth weight (LBW) (less than 2,500 grams) is a major public health problem worldwide. In an attempt to identify modifiable risk factors for LBW in Saudi Arabia, the present research was undertaken to investigate a potential association between maternal dental health and dental care during pregnancy with LBW due to fetal growth retardation. Material...

BACKGROUND Placental malaria (PM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight (LBW). However, the precise mechanisms by which PM induces LBW are poorly defined. Based on the essential role of angiopoietin (ANG)-1 and -2 in normal placental vascular development, we hypothesized that PM may result in the dysregulation of angiopoietins and thereby contribute to LBW out...