To monitor soil biological quality, it is of paramount importance to assess how chemically diverse organic residue amendments reciprocate matter. The present incubation study aimed evaluate the effect varying widely in their biochemical composition on dynamics enzymatic activity. changes pattern activity have been monitored over a period 63 days using total eleven different crop residues. enzym...

.soil microorganisms are important agents in nutrient cycling and energy flow. they are extremely sensitive to environmental changes. soil microbial biomass has been proposed as an index of soil stress and disturbance. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) residue amounts, burning, nitrogen fertilizer levels and tillage management on organic car...

For significant impact any method to remove CO2 from the atmosphere must process large amounts of carbon efficiently, be repeatable, sequester carbon for thousands of years, be practical, economical and be implemented soon. The only method that meets these criteria is removal of crop residues and burial in the deep ocean. We show here that this method is 92% efficient in sequestration of crop r...

Crop canopies and residues have been shown to intercept a significant amount of rainfall. However, rainfall or irrigation interception by crops and residues has often been overlooked in hydrologic modelling. Crop canopy interception is controlled by canopy density and rainfall intensity and duration. Crop residue interception is a function of crop residue type, residue density and cover, and ra...

Important features required for gels used the cleaning of paintings are viscoelastic properties ensuring good adaptability to morphology surfaces and complete gel removal after application. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-borax containing different liquid phases often as materials, but still little is known about their ability leave no residues. This study reports development an analytical method ba...

Neonicotinoid residues in nectar and pollen from crop plants have been implicated as one of the potential factors causing the declines of honey bee populations. Median residues of thiamethoxam in pollen collected from honey bees after foraging on flowering seed treated maize were found to be between 1 and 7 µg/kg, median residues of the metabolite CGA322704 (clothianidin) in the pollen were bet...

The loss caused by the so-called minor diseases is not usually considered of sufficient importance to warrant the adoption of control measures such as those used in combating major diseases; nevertheless it has frequently been asserted that if the total loss due to the activities of all minor diseases could be estimated it would probably amount to more than is imagined. Further, a disease which...