Abstract The March 2019 release of the Appellate Body's compliance report in United States – Measures Affecting Trade Large Civil Aircraft (Second Complaint) marks yet another chapter ongoing Boeing–Airbus dispute. While raising numerous new and old subsidy issues, this paper focuses on one specific aspect, evaluation financial contributions benefits associated with Department Defense (DOD) R&a...

The concept of creating digital justice is not quite new in the modern world, but its implementation takes place various countries different ways. China has achieved tangible success, where artificial intelligence technologies are gradually being integrated into judicial proceedings. A robot judge a real mechanism for resolving dispute, and people's attitude to this form protection fundamental ...

INTRODUCTION Since the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990’s, Japan’s industrial society experienced a drastic increase in individual employment disputes. At the same time, union management disputes have been clearly on the decline since the 1980’s. To cope with such a structural change of labor disputes, it was necessary to restructure the labor dispute resolution system, which wa...

In this note we investigate the infringement (entry) decision for a firm facing an incumbent patent holder with uncertain patent rights. The entrant risks a dispute by entering, resulting in either a settlement (licensing) or litigation and trial. Using the litigation model described by Priest and Klein, we investigate the expected dispute resolution and its impacts on the entrant’s pre-dispute...