was demonstrated by both methods in 10. However, in one case, the indicator curve showed a left-to-right shunt whereas selective left ventricular cineangiography failed to demonstrate it. Conversely, in two other cases, selective left ventricular cineangiography demonstrated a small ventricular septal defect while a normal culve was obtained by indicator-dilution technique. Comparing our experi...

background: fenestration in the modified fontan operation allows right-to-left shunting, which reduces the fontan pathway pressure and improves cardiac output. however, on account of the fact that persistent right-to-left shunting results in cyanosis and paradoxical emboli, fenestration closure is recommended after recovery from the fontan operation. methods: this study recruited 3 patients who...

THE left-to-right shunts found in small atrial or ventricular septal defects or in patent ductus arteriosus are easily demonstrated during cardiac catheterization by both rightand left-sided approaches.' Efforts to evaluate shunting due to these defects without cardiac catheterization have depended on measurements of the cardiac output curves obtained by various external counting technics.Y Bec...

THE behavior of the pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise in patients with ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus influences the magnitude and direction of tlhe shunt of blood across the defect and also may provide clues concerning the genesis of the pulmonary hypertension often seen in large defects. In previous studies,1' 2 pulmonary artery wedge pressure had not been d...

Indicator dilution technique is more widely used during cardiac catheterization for the diagnosis and rough estimate of the size of intracardiac shunts and valvular regurgitation (Korner and Shillingford, 1955; Fox and Wood, 1957; Swan and Wood, 1957; Woodward et al., 1957; Shillingford, 1958; Carter et al., 1959; Carleton et al., 1960; Jose et al., 1960). Evans blue dye (T-1824) has long been ...

A comparison of several reported methods for detection and quantitation of left-to-right shunts by radionuclides was performed in 50 children. Count ratio (C2/C1) techniques were compared with the exponential extrapolation and gamma function area ratio techniques. C2/C1 ratios accurately detected shunts and could reliably separate shunts from normals, but there was a high rate of false positive...

THE left-to-right shunts found in small atrial or ventricular septal defects or in patent ductus arteriosus are easily demonstrated during cardiac catheterization by both rightand left-sided approaches.' Efforts to evaluate shunting due to these defects without cardiac catheterization have depended on measurements of the cardiac output curves obtained by various external counting technics.Y Bec...

Cross-sectional echocardiography, combined with injections of contrast into peripheral arm veins, has been used to study 15 patients with atrial septal defects and 10 patients with an intact interatrial septum. Of 11 patients with ostium secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defects and left-to-right shunts a defect could be visualised in all, and in eight some degree of transfer of contrast ...