in recent years, the cloning technology has remarkably developed iran, but unfortunately, the required legal framework has not been created to support and protect such developments yet. this legal gap may lead to abuse of scientific researches to obtain illegal benefits and to undermine the intellectual property rights of scientists and researchers. thus to prevent such consequences, the attemp...

The UK government has struggled with controlling the legal high problem since the emergence of mephedrone in 2009. Academic research has provided detailed knowledge on how people perceive these substances, mainly focusing on mephedrone, but has yet to identify a viable solution to escalating usage and availability. This research aimed to determine young adults’ (18-26) current perceptions of le...

TWO EXPERIMENTS INVESTIGATED WHETHER AND HOW THE LEARNING OF SPELLINGS BY FRENCH THIRD GRADERS IS INFLUENCED BY TWO GRAPHOTACTIC PATTERNS: consonants cannot double in word-initial position (Experiment 1) and consonants cannot double after single consonants (Experiment 2). Children silently read meaningful texts that contained three types of novel spellings: no doublet (e.g., mupile, guprane), d...

Nigeria has been facing the immense challenge of international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation and forced labor into countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. Being an international criminal activity driven by high profits, Nigeria's adoption of a regulatory policy is expressed in the series of legal provisions to deal with the army of traffickers. In desperation, within a space of 1...

OBJECTIVES To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. DESIGN Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. RESULTS Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, ...

Dr. Borjas is the Robert W. Scrivner Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. This Backgrounder is an expansion of Dr. Borjas’ article, “The Labor Demand Curve Is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market,” published in the November 2003 issue of the Quarterly Journal of Economics (pp. 1335-1374)....

D rights management (DRM) is an important yet controversial issue in the information goods markets. Although DRM is supposed to help copyright owners by protecting digital content from illegal copying or distribution, it is controversial because DRM imposes restrictions on even legal users, and there are many industry practitioners who believe that the industry would be better off without DRM. ...