Utilitarian and economic theories of deterrence hold that the relation of the penalty to the misdeed should be irrelevant. In five experiments using hypothetical cases, judgments of penalties depended on whether this relation was in-kind (IK) or out-of-kind (OK). When victims were identifiable, IK penalties were higher than OK and preferred to OK. Subjects seemed to confuse penalties and compen...

We present a model where groups attempt to exert influence on policies using both bribes (plata, Spanish for silver) and the threat of punishment (plomo, Spanish for lead). We then use it to make predictions about the quality of a country’s public officials and to understand the role of institutions granting politicians with immunity from legal prosecution. The use of punishment lowers the retu...

The Murder Act (1752) decreed that homicide perpetrators should be hanged and sent for post-execution punishment. This article explores the event management of criminal dissections by penal surgeons in situ. It reveals that the punishment parade of the condemned did not stop at the scaffold, contrary to the impression in many standard historical accounts. Instead, ordinary people accompanied cr...

This article is devoted to the specifics of sentencing when jury verdicts condescension under legislation Russian Empire from 1864 1917, as well limits jury’s influence on possible punishment.
 The author comes conclusion that development institution jurors in Russia terms has no historical continuity. modern court considering cases with participation fewer rights its competence and rules ...

BACKGROUND Cooperation is indispensable in human societies, and much progress has been made towards understanding human pro-social decisions. Formal incentives, such as punishment, are suggested as potential effective approaches despite the fact that punishment can crowd out intrinsic motives for cooperation and detrimentally impact efficiency. At the same time, evolutionary biologists have lon...

Policing and punishment are unevenly distributed across geographic space. Research analyzing place-based variation in the criminal legal system is increasing, asking how community conditions contribute to justice outcomes multiple exposures (e.g., policing punishment) vary together places. In this article, we identify spatial-contextual analyses of summarize their contributions by organizing th...

The current job transformation is one of the challenges for state Indonesia. Crimes over time have been carried out systematically, including corruption. interesting thing about development efforts to combat corruption concept returning finances. Legal entities in Indonesia long experienced legal pluralism, as can be seen from configuration community that carries Islamic criminal law and custom...

The article deals with a comprehensive analysis of the legal prescriptions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation aimed at the liberalization and humanization of the criminal policy in the context of international norms. The author examines the procedure of the imposition of a limit of the penalties for serious and very serious crimes. The content of the principle of humanization of the...

The purpose of the present paper is to explore both the motivation for confiscating illegal gain and also to look at some of its legal aspects and economic effects. It is argued that the removal of illegal gain may be able to play a significant complementary role, if only by closing the gap between the maximum punishment the law will allow and fines sufficient to represent a credible deterrent....