nowadays, given different definitions and conceptions on development, territorial planning lends to for various economic, social and geographical aspects, however its defensive and security perspectives have been taken into account to less extent. the present research is aimed to specify passive defense legal requirements in territorial planning through outlining the most important rules on pas...

This paper analyses changes in the legal protection of shareholder and creditor rights in 24 transition economies from 1990 to 1998. It documents differences in the initial conditions and a tendency towards convergence of formal legal rules as the result of extensive legal reforms. Convergence seems to be primarily the result of foreign technical assistance programmes as well as of harmonisatio...

This paper deals with the automatic retrieval of issues reported in legal texts and presents an experience with expert’s reports on the application of ILO Conventions. The aim is to provide the end user, i.e. the legal expert, with a set of rules that permits her/him to find among a predefined list of issues those addressed by any new text. Since the end user is not supposed to be able to pre-p...

This game was designed to investigate protocols and strategies for resourcebounded disputation. The rules presented here correspond very closely to the problem of controlling search in an actual program. The computer program on which the game is based is LMNOP (see LouiNorman-Stiefvater-Merrill-Olson-Costello [92]). It is a LISP system designed to produce arguments and counterarguments from a s...

nuclear facilities, though have large advantages for human being, they also creates heavy hazards. thus, the question of civil liability resulted from events of mentioned facilities are so significant. this paper studies the question of the basis and the responsible for compensation resulted from aforementioned events in international instruments, iran and french law. outcome of this study show...

This paper outlines the technology of the formalization and verification of legal text documents. A formal model of a legal document is presented as an ordered set of rules. Every rule is presented as a triple containing preand post-conditions, as well as process parts. All rules are ordered in Use Case Maps (UCM) diagrams. Such a formal model can be verified for inconsistency and incompletenes...

Large corpora of legal texts are increasing available in the public domain. To make them amenable for automated text processing, various sorts of annotations must be added. We consider semantic annotations bearing on the content of the texts legal rules, case factors, and case decision elements. Adding annotations and developing gold standard corpora (to verify rule-based or machine learning al...

This paper examines how moral rules form in the process of social learning in order to analyze the relationship between legal rules and moral rules. Members of society learn morality from the observed behavior of other members. Their incentive to act morally is influenced by their expectation of other members’ moral behavior. The moral standards of a society are built on the outcomes of such in...

Commitments are a persistent feature of international affairs. Disagreement over the effect of international commitments and the causes of compliance with them is equally persistent. Yet in the last decade the long-standing divide between those who believed that international rules per se shaped state behavior and those who saw such rules as epiphenomena1 or insignificant has given way to a mor...