The system of contract enforcement that emerged under the Soviet dictatorship included two official and one informal institutions: administrative enforcement, the system of arbitration courts, and unofficial relational contracting. Official institutions supported transactions that targeted fulfillment of the dictator’s objective. Legal contract enforcement emerged owing to the dictator, who sou...

HE role and structure of the Hungarian legal profession both changed quite markedly after the changeover from the communist regime (1989), particularly because of the opportunities provided by the new market economy. The legal profession in Hungary is generally of a high standard because of the elitist approach which once prevailed in the university education system, reinforced by a technocrati...

municipality, as one of the most important legal entities in the urban management, can play an effective role in providing local public services and administration of some local public affairs. the role of the municipality in urban management is different rangin from full authority to implementation of small affairs. the place and importance of the municipality is determined by the laws and leg...

Since the 1980s, AI and Law has attempted to capture legal expertise in computer programs. But what is this expertise? This paper reviews a number of approaches, from the 1980s to the present day, which represent different answers to this question. It argues that our notion, and understanding, of expertise has developed and improved over the decades. As yet, however, only a few rather specific ...

This paper presents the automatic translation management system known as TransLI developed for machine translation of Court judgments from English to French and from French to English. NLP’s solution addresses our clientele’s volume and time management issues. TransLI’s statistical algorithm has been trained on a large corpus of legal documents as to significantly reduce production time and cos...

This study examines the impact of nation’s legal system on corporate disclosures. However, this study breaks with prior research in two significant ways. First, this study extends prior research by analyzing differences in disclosure practices in Roman-Germanic Law nations of different origins within this legal family. Second, this study focuses on a single disclosure issue rather than general ...

Facing the problem of matching growth and status, starting work, United Arab Emirates. This harmonization - by approving a set exceptions this nature has some effects secret idea behind it.
 As we see him, he relied on ​​public order in to related inventions themselves excluding them from requirement obtain patent certificate, which is stipulated Article 6 Law Organization Protection Indus...

We analyze the relationship between legal institutions, innovation and growth. We compare a rigid (law set ex-ante) legal system and a flexible one (law set after observing current technology). The flexible system dominates in terms of welfare, amount of innovation and output growth at intermediate stages of technological development periods when legal change is needed. The rigid system is pref...

in most legal systems, service consumers, as the weaker party to the contract, are covered by protective provisions. due to the particular complexity of electronic funds transactions, consumers need further protection, which should be proportionate with the requirements of this type of transactions. in some countries, such as america, independent regulations have been ratified to protect consum...