Patients with facial nerve palsy are at risk of developing corneal ulceration because of lagophthalmos (incomplete closure of the affected eyelid). Lagophthalmos could result from thixotropy of the levator palpebrae muscle--that is, the formation of tight crossbridges between the actin and myosin filaments of the muscle fibres causing stiffness of the muscle--rather than from paralysis of the o...

In l-month-old male rats the levator ani muscle was crushed and allowed to regenerate. The main questions were whether or not the course of regeneration is similar to that of limb muscles and whether or not the regenerating levator ani muscle is sensitive to the effects of testosterone. Regeneration was followed in three groups of rats: castrated, normal, and testosterone-treated. Histological ...

OBJECTIVE Identify and describe the separate appearance of 5 levator ani muscle subdivisions seen in axial, coronal, and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan planes. METHODS Magnetic resonance scans of 80 nulliparous women with normal pelvic support were evaluated. Characteristic features of each Terminologia Anatomica-listed levator ani component were determined for each scan plane...

Previous research is equivocal regarding whether startle reflex eyeblink is specifically sensitive to the emotion of fear, or is more generally influenced by the valence dimension of emotion. Thirty-five undergraduate participants (17 male) viewed 60 pictures from five affective categories (pleasant, neutral, fear, disgust-blood, and disgust-other). Bilateral eyeblink EMG responses to acoustic ...

Understanding of the dynamic behaviour of the levator ani is important to the assessment of pelvic floor dysfunction. Whilst shape modelling allows the depiction of 3D morphological variation of the levator ani between different patient groups, it is insufficient to determine the underlying behaviour of how the muscle deforms during contraction and strain. The purpose of this study is to perfor...

THE text-book description of the anatomy of the upper eyelid with particular reference to the septum orbitale (palpebral fascia) and especially the insertion of the levator muscle is unnecessarily vague or complicated from the surgical point of view. Thus the septum orbitale is described by some authors as arising from the orbital margin and ending where it blends with the aponeurosis of the le...

PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of processed images to predict postoperative appearance following levator resection. METHODS Analysis involved 109 eyes from 65 patients with blepharoptosis who underwent advancement of levator aponeurosis and Müller's muscle complex (levator resection). Predictive images were prepared from preoperative photographs using the image processing so...

measurement, levator plication advancement was performed on the patient. During levator plication advancement, if there was only 1 stitch, point of suture was fixed at the midline, and additional sutures were done symmetrically. Same measurement procedure done prior to the surgery was repeated after a while reduced swelling. Patients were grouped according to the number of fixation, then, the d...

OBJECTIVE To assess the mean change in interpalpebral fissure height and marginal reflex distance after brow suspension with autogenous fascia lata sling in patients of ptosis. METHODS This was a Quasi experimental study conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, King Edwards Medical University Lahore, from Jan 2013 to June 2016. Included were the patients who had unilateral or ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of prolapse associated with levator avulsion injury among a urogynaecological clinic population. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary urogynaecological unit. SAMPLE A total of 934 women seen for interview, examination using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) staging system and imaging of the levator ani muscle by four-dime...