This research empirically evaluates data sets from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) for design effects of ignoring the sampling design in weighted two-level analyses. Currently, researchers may ignore the sampling design beyond the levels that they model which might result in incorrect inferences regarding hypotheses due to biased standard error estimates; the degree of bias ...

Abstract Unit-level modeling strategies offer many advantages relative to the area-level models that are most often used in context of small area estimation. For example, unit-level aggregate naturally, allowing for estimates at any desired resolution, and also greater precision cases. We compare a variety methods available literature related Specifically, provide insight into differences betwe...

The Household Pulse Survey, recently released by the U.S. Census Bureau, gathers information about respondents’ experiences regarding employment status, food security, housing, physical and mental health, access to health care, education disruption. Design-based estimates are produced for all 50 states District of Columbia (DC), as well 15 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Using public-use...