OBJECTIVE(S) Different pharmacological effects of carvacrol including relaxant effect, its inhibitory effect on muscarinic and histamine (H1) and stimulatory effect on β-adrenoceptors have been demonstrated on guinea pig tracheal chains in previous studies. In the present study, the effect of carvacrol on blood IL-4, IFN- γ and endothelin levels of sensitized guinea pigs is examined. MATERIAL...

Benalu batu (B. medicinalis) is a plant endemic to Central Sulawesi that has been reported possess anticancer, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. The mechanism of action these activities still unclear. This study aimed evaluate the immunostimulatory effect ethanol extract B. medicinalis on an in vivo model by measuring macrophage phagocytotic activity cytokine production tumor necrosis fact...

Type I (e.g., IFN-α, IFN-β) and type II IFNs (IFN-γ) have antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. Both types of IFN signal through the Jak/STAT pathway to elicit antiviral activity, yet IFN-γ is thought to do so only through STAT1 homodimers, whereas type I IFNs activate both STAT1- and STAT2-containing complexes such as IFN-stimulated gene factor 3. In this study, we sho...

C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, and CXCL11 are produced in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and trigger inflammation with the accumulation of activated lymphocytes. It appears that these chemokines could play a role in the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). Therefore, we investigated the associations between the levels of these chemokine and clinical manifestations in ...

Our previous study on immune-related changes in the aged liver described immune cell infiltration and elevation of inflammation with age. Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, a known cell cycle inhibitor, were elevated in the aging liver. Here, we determine the role played by IFN-γ in the delayed regenerative response observed in the aged livers. We observed elevated IFN signaling in both aged hepatoc...

Background: The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. The effective role of omega-3 fatty acids in the maturation of immune system and protection against atopic diseases has been well discussed. However, previous studies revealed conflicting results. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fish oil consumption by nursing atopic mothers on the level of interferon...

The decoction of Pheretima aspergillum is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of asthma in China with a long clinical history. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-asthma activities of an active components group obtained from the decoction of Pheretima aspergillum in histamine and ovalubumin induced asthma guinea pigs. The incubation period of asthma, serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and ...

Background: Brucella is a gram-negative bacterium, causing acute and chronic infection in humans and animals. Cell-mediated immunity is the main protective immune response against Brucella spp. Activation of macrophages by IFN-γ and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide are the main immunologic mechanisms responsible for control of Brucella infection. Objective: To invest...