background: adiponectin is one of the most important adipocytokines that regulate male and female fertility via adipor1 and adipor2 receptors. recently expression of adiponectin system and its negative regulatory role on hypothalamus-pituitary axis have been confirmed. objectives: no information is available about the expression pattern of adiponectin and its receptors in hypothalamus-pituitary...

background: cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) has been extensively considered as an immunogenic and adjuvant protein, but its yield of expression is not satisfactory in many studies. the aim of this study was to compare the expression of native and mutant recombinant ctb (rctb) in pqe vector. methods: ctxb fragment from vibrio cholerae o1 atcc14035 containing the substitution of mutant ctxb for ami...

background and aims. various morphologies are seen in different salivary gland tumorsor within an individual tumor, and the lesions show divers biological behaviors. experimental results support the hypothesis that increased crkii proto-oncogene is associated with cytokine-induced tumor initiation and progression by altering cell motility signaling pathway. the aim of this study was to assess t...

objective: rna interference (rnai) is the most potent technique for gene silencing in eukaryotic cellular system at transcriptomic level. genetic disorders and cancers are important targets for therapeutic development of this technique. in order to bypass the temporary dpwnregulation by sirna, a new generation of shrna named shrnamir has developed. silencing construct with structure similar to ...

the radiation-induced bystander effect is the phenomenon which non-irradiated cells exhibit effects along with their different levels as a result of signals received from nearby irradiated cells. responses of non-irradiated cells may include changes in process of translation, gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cells death. these changes are confirmed by results of some in-vivo s...

background: cd4+ and cd8+ t cells are the main types of lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity and play a central role in the induction of efficient immune responses against tumors. the frequencies of t cell subtypes in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues, and draining lymph nodes (dln) can be considered as useful markers for evaluation of the immune system in cancers. methods: in this study,...

Background: Chitin is an abundant natural polysaccharide found in fungi, algae, and exoskeleton of insects. Several bacterial species are capable of utilizing chitin as their carbon source. These bacteria produce chitinases for degradation of chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. So far, regulation of the chitinase encoding genes has been studied in different bacterial species. Among Bacillus spe...

the plasmid palca1sifn containing cdna that encodes the human interferon a-2b was obtained from the atcc(no. 531667). in this system the expression of the gene is under the control of an alca promoter. alca p is a specific promoter for expression of different genes in aspergillusfilamentous. in this plasmid the coding region of ifn?-2b is preceded by the coding region of a synthetic signal pept...