The lateral giant (LG) command neuron of crayfish responds to an attack directed at the abdomen by triggering a single highly stereotyped escape tail flip. Experimentally applied serotonin (5-hydroxytrptamine, 5-HT) can increase or decrease LG's excitability, depending on the concentration, rate, and duration of 5-HT application. Here we describe three physiological mechanisms that mediate sero...

Constructing non-supersingular elliptic curves for pairing-based cryptosystems have attracted much attention in recent years. The best previous technique builds curves with ρ = lg(q)/lg(r) ≈ 1 (k = 12) and ρ = lg(q)/lg(r) ≈ 1.25 (k = 24). When k > 12, most of the previous works address the question by representing r(x) as a cyclotomic polynomial. In this paper, we propose a new method to find m...

We sought to identify the appropriate exercise intensity for unbiased comparisons of changes in rectal temperature (ΔTre) and local sweat rates (LSR) between groups unmatched for body size during uncompensable heat stress. Sixteen males vastly different in body morphology were separated into two equal groups [small (SM): 65.8 ± 6.2 kg, 1.8 ± 0.1 m2; large (LG): 100.0 ± 13.1 kg, 2.3 ± 0.1 m2], b...

Ligand-binding properties of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) are well documented, but the subsequent biological functions are still unclear. Focusing on fatty acids/β-lg complexes, the structure-function relationships are reviewed in the light of the structural state of the protein (native versus non-native aggregated proteins). After a brief description of β-lg native structure, the review takes an int...

Purpose Low-grade (LG) urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (UCB) are common malignancies that are costly to surveil and rarely progress to life threatening, high-grade (HG) malignancies. It is unknown if the progression of LG to HG is a result of second primary tumors or transformation of existing LG tumors. We examined tumor genetics in patients with grade progression in urothelial carcinoma ...

We present the results of a study on the propagation of Lg within the Tibetan Plateau. We analyze over 1200 seismograms for Lg propagation from 185 local and regional earthquakes recorded at distances from 150 to 2000 km, 52 of which are located within the Tibetan Plateau. Although the propagation of Lg has been observed across most of Asia, Lg has not been observed for paths crossing the Tibet...

We consider the problem of retrieving the k documents from a collection of strings where a given pattern P appears most often. We show that, by representing the collection using a Compressed Suffix Array CSA, a data structure using the asymptotically optimal |CSA|+o(n) bits can answer queries in the time needed by CSA to find the suffix array interval of the pattern plus O(k lg k lg n) accesses...

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the LG Anti-HIV 1/2 Plus ELISA (LG Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea), a new third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of HIV infection, has improved sensitivity and specificity in comparison to the other licensed third-generation assays. The sensitivity of the LG Anti-HIV 1/2 Plus ELISA was comparable to the Enzygnost Anti-HI...

The lateral giant (LG)-mediated escape behavior of the crayfish habituates readily on repetitive sensory stimulation. Recent studies suggested that the biogenic amines serotonin and octopamine modulate the time course of recovery and/or re-depression of the LG response after habituation. However, little is known of how serotonin and octopamine effect LG habituation and what second-messenger cas...

AIM To investigate the natural history of lymphocytic gastritis (LG) and its relation to Helicobacter pylori infection and to coeliac disease using serology, duodenal biopsy and a small intestinal permeability test. METHOD Twenty two patients diagnosed as having LG between 1984 and 1994 were investigated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at which gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens were t...