background: the main object of this experimental work was to practise laboratory production both adult and the larval stage of hymenolepis diminuta with conventional modification to make further studies easier. materials & method: adults h. diminuta were collected from urban rats in tehran, iran. the beetles became infected using blended gravid segments with flour as bait. cysticercoids have be...

there are many claims that quantum mechanics plays a key role in the origin and/or operation of biological organisms. the mechanism of the meiosis, mitosis and gametes life cycle from the view-point of quantum for human has been represented. the quantum gates have been used to simulate these processes for the first time. the reason of several hundred sperms has been explained in the male too

The development of new bio-based diesel substitutes can improve their compatibility with engines. Nevertheless, for actual implementation, environmental and economic performance needs to be studied. This study quantified the eco-efficiency three diesels, viz., fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), partially hydrogenated FAME (H-FAME), bio-hydrogenated (BHD), address perspective producers as well poli...

In life-cycle costing analyses, optimal design is usually achieved by minimising the expected value of the discounted costs. As well as the expected value, the corresponding variance may be useful for estimating, for example, the uncertainty bounds of the calculated discounted costs. However, general explicit formulas for calculating the variance of the discounted costs over an unbounded time h...

For several years, digital engineering has increasingly taken a more important place in the strategic issues of mechanical engineering companies. Our proposition is an approach that enables technical data to be managed and used throughout the product life-cycle. This approach aims to provide assistance for costing, development and industrialization of the product, and for the capitalization, th...

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software is increasingly being suggested for use in systems development, for reasons including cost, functionality, useability, testedness, availability of support and upgrades. At the same time, standards for use of software in safetyrelated systems are becoming increasingly stringent. This paper examines the issue of providing safety assurance for systems invol...

In the case of the decentralized wastewater sector, very little research has been done to establish the long-term performance of onsite or cluster systems, or the effect that various management approaches may have on that performance. These approaches could include, for example, high quality design and equipment requirements; preventive maintenance, repair, or replacement; residuals management ...

The primary purpose of this paper is to develop a model to help determine optimal product/service, process and supply chain configurations in a concurrent fashion. For that purpose, a concurrent engineering framework and an optimization model that incorporate supply chain design and life cycle costing concepts are developed. In order to demonstrate and validate the proposed model, a numerical e...

In this study, life cycle assessment and costing results about piezoelectric thermoelectric materials for energy harvesters (EHs) are extracted from the literature evaluated. This study serves as a basis comparing current EHs with innovative that will be developed within Horizon 2020 FAST SMART project. FAST—SMART aims at increasing performance of while reducing same time: The use rare elements...