The aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the survival of Salmonella and E. coli in fermented liquid pig feed (FLF). Liquid feed, fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, was challenged with Salmonella or E. coli (six serovars of each) at 20, 30 or 37 C. Temperature significantly affected the survival of Salmonella and E. coli. In FLF containing ca 230 mmol L lactic aci...

This paper discusses the concurrent design of a feedforward time-delay filter and a linear state feed-back controller. The optimization is carried out using a quadratic cost functional which weights both, disturbance rejection and control tracking performance. A minimax optimization scheme is employed to achieve robustness with respect to parameter deviations. Analytical gradients are provided ...

In the beef production system, 70-75% of the total dietary energy is used for maintenance (Ferrell and Jenkins 1984; NRC 1996; Montaldo-Bermudez et al. 1990). Thus, while only 5% of the total life cycle dietary energy consumption is used for protein deposition in beef cattle, swine and poultry are more efficient at 14 and 22%, respectively. The relatively large size, slow maturity and slow repr...

To determinate the effect of chromium-methionine level in diet on hatchability of Japanese quail in dry tropic weather under temperaturecontrolled in summer season, a completely randomized design experiment was conducted. Thousand two hundred eighty Japanese quail (960 females and 320 males), they were divided in 160 groups of eight (six females and two males), and were allocated in wire cages ...

., When designing a reflector Impulse Radiating Antenna, one must choose an appropriate feed impedance. Using the simplest approximations valid for high feed impedances, one finds that lower feed impedances are always prcfcrablc. However, low feed impedances imply thick feed arms, which incrcasc feed blockage for many designs, thus reducing the radiated field. Low feed impedances also lead to a...

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae es un bacilo grampositivo que infecta diversas especies de animales como cerdos, ovinos, bovinos, peces y crustáceos. Recientemente, se han incrementado los reportes infección por este microorganismo en pescadores, manejadores productos pescado personas limpian estanques. Esta bacteria mantiene el limo las escamas peces, sin causarles daño. Sin embargo, ha demostrad...

The feed resource for animals is a major cost determinant for profitability in livestock production enterprises, and thus any effort at improving the efficiency of feed use will help to reduce feed cost. Feed conversion ratio, expressed as feed inputs per unit output, is a traditional measure of efficiency that has significant phenotypic and genetic correlations with feed intake and growth trai...

Rumen of cattle harbors many microorganisms responsible for bioconversion of nutrients into a source of energy for the animals. In recent years many rumen microbes have been isolated and characterized by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Some of the microbes have also been recommended as feed additives for improving the overall growth or production of animals. Rumen bacteria which ha...

Aim—To study the eVect of enteral feeding on splanchnic blood flow velocity in preterm infants. Method—Coeliac axis and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow velocity were measured longitudinally in a cohort of 61 babies using Doppler ultrasound. Results—Babies fed 1 hourly had significantly higher preprandial SMA peak systolic velocity (PSV) than those fed 3 hourly (70 vs 53 cm/s). Those...