A line integral is defined as the integral of two-dimensional data along a (onedimensional, straight) line of given length and orientation. Line integrals are used in various forms of edge and line detectors in images and in the computation of the Radon transform. We present a recursive algorithm which enables approximation of discretized line integrals at all lengths, orientations, and locatio...

A high-resolution hard x-ray microscope is described. This system is capable of detecting line features as small as 0.6 µm in width, and resolving line pairs 1.2-µm wide and 1.2-µm apart. Three types of two-dimensional image detectors are discussed and compared for use with hard x rays in high resolution. Principles of x-ray image magnification are discussed based on x-ray optics and diffractio...

A 14 m long beam line dedicated to study very small scattering angles in ion-molecule collisions has been set up in the University of Toledo Heavy Ion Accelerator (THIA) Laboratory. Together with position sensitive detectors for both the projectile and the recoil particles’ detection, the beam line can be used to measure the projectile forward scattering angles of up to 2.5 milliradians (mrad) ...

A double acting pneumatically powered cylinder, energized by an electrically activated solenoid valve, is used to occlude the outflow line from a Bio-Medicus (a) constrained vortex pump. The cylinder is mounted on a tubing guide that is fastened to a pole clamp. A Sarns (b) air bubble detector, placed on the pump inflow line is used to provide the signal to activate the solenoid valve. The outf...

We study an approach to forecast vehicular traffic using a micro-simulator. In order to provide network-wide information about the current traffic state a cellular automaton traffic flow model is combined with measured data. The framework is applied to the freeway network of North Rhine-Westphalia, where data from about 3,500 loop detectors are available and provided on-line minute by minute. F...

In September 2008, the CBM collaboration performed the first essential test of two prototype detector systems in a 2.5 GeV proton beam at GSI. The experiment at the HTD beam line in Cave C comprised prototype micro-strip detectors of the Silicon Tracking System, and gas-electronmultiplier (GEM) detectors. The detectors were coupled to a self-triggering front-end electronics and data acquisition...

introduction today, there is a growing interest in the use of hadrontherapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique. hadrontherapy is considered a promising tool for cancer treatment, given its high radiobiological effectiveness and high accuracy of dose deposition due to the physical properties of hadrons. however, new radiation modalities of dose delivery and on-line beam monitoring play crucia...

background: radon is an odourless, colourless and tasteless gas and it is the first cause of lung cancer among non- smokers. the assessment of the level of radium in building materials helps in understanding the radiological implications. it has been observed that everyone has some levels of exposure to them. therefore measurement of radium and radon in the soil samples are important from publi...