The current study investigated first language (L1) effects on listener judgment of comprehensibility and accentedness in second language (L2) speech. The participants were 45 university-level adult speakers of English from three L1 backgrounds (Chinese, Hindi, Farsi), performing a picture narrative task. Ten native English listeners used continuous sliding scales to evaluate the speakers’ audio...

AIMS To investigate the use of a worker based methodology to assess the physical stresses of lifting tasks on effort expended, and to associate this loading with musculoskeletal outcomes (MO). METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 217 male manual handling workers from the Hong Kong area. The effects of four lifting variables (weight of load, horizontal distance, twisting angle, and...

In this paper we develop a new method for 2-tuple linguistic multiple attribute decision making, namely the 2-tuple linguistic generalized ordered weighted averaging distance (2LGOWAD) operator. This operator is an extension of the OWA operator that utilizes generalized means, distance measures and uncertain information represented as 2-tuple linguistic variables. By using 2LGOWAD, it is possib...

This paper presents a new recognition and classification method for power quality (PQ) disturbances on the basis of pattern linguistic values. This method solves the difficulty of recognizing disturbances rapidly and accurately by using fuzzy logic. This method uses classification disturbance patterns to define the linguistic values of fuzzy input variables and used the input variables of corre...

This paper described recent activities of the Linguistic Data Consortium in the collection, annotation and distribution of language data the developments of tools and standards for using that data, the creation of metadata to facilitate the search for linguistic resources.

Although it prefigures many advances in linguistic theory, the scholarship of nineteenth century scholar Mikołaj Kruszewski is today largely forgotten. In these papers I hope to rectify this situation somewhat by introducing Kruszewski’s insights to modern discourse on phonology. In addition to a detailed summary of Kruszewski’s major work, An Outline of Linguistic Science (Očerk Nauki O Jazyke...

Although it prefigures many advances in linguistic theory, the scholarship of nineteenth century scholar Mikołaj Kruszewski is today largely forgotten. In these papers I hope to partially rectify this situation by introducing Kruszewski’s insights to modern discourse on phonology. In addition to a detailed summary of Kruszewski’s major work, An Outline of the Science of Language (Očerk Nauki O ...

A potentially fruitful area for applied linguistic research is the nature of the linguistic systems used by second language learners as they learn--or even after they appear to have stopped learning. It has been suggested at various times that the findings of this sort of research would be useful not only to language teachers and textbook writers, but also to our understanding of language conta...

The aim of this investigation was to determine the fuzziness values of the variables that represent heart rate variability (HRV) for three age groups, using the fuzzy entropy function. We used one hundred and four waves taken from one-minute electrocardiogram (ECG) of males subjects 20-69 years old, this being a short-term HRV measure. In the time domain, the values of the variables SDNN, HR, S...