Starting with an expression, due originally to Einstein, for the shear viscosity η(δφ) of a liquid having a small fraction δφ by volume of solid particulate matter suspended in it at random, we derive an effective-medium viscosity η(φ) for arbitrary φ which is precisely of the Vogel-Fulcher form. An essential point of the derivation is the incorporation of the excluded-volume effect at each tur...

The mold filling of semi-solid slurry involves intricate theory and physical phenomenon. influence inner gate shape speed on free surface liquid-solid distribution is investigated by adopting finite element numerical simulation. effect viscosity considered in the modelling. results show that affects surface. 3 m/s favorable for uniform solid-liquid phases. It has important guiding significance ...

Viscosity and enthalpy relaxation from the amorphous state into the supercooled liquid state was investigated in the bulk metallic glass forming Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 alloy below the calorimetric glass transition. At different temperatures, the viscosities relax into states that obey the same Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann relation as the data obtained at higher temperatures in the supercooled li...

The role of the side chain of sterols and the sterol ring structure on the formation of ordered phases of the type observed in membrane rafts has been examined in aqueous dispersions of binary mixtures of sphingomyelin and androsterol. Comparisons have been made with binary systems of cholesterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, and ergosterol with either sphingomyelin or dipalmitoylphosphatidyl...

The competitive binding of a molecule forming a liquid crystal and a targeted analyte to a common molecular receptor presented at a solid surface possessing nanometer-scale topography is used to trigger an easily visualized surface-driven change in the orientation of a micrometer-thick film of liquid crystal. Diffusion of the targeted analyte from atmosphere to surface-immobilized receptor acro...

A stopped-flow injection liquid-liquid extraction (SF-EX-FIA) spectrophotometric method is reported for the determination of palladium(II), using the 2,2'-dipyridyl-2-pyridylhydrazone (DPPH) as a color forming reagent. The colored complex Pd(II)-DPPH was extracted in CHCl(3) and the absorbance was monitored at 560 nm. An injection valve was used as a commutator in order to combine the stopped-f...

Based on previous works on polymers by Bauer et al. [Phys. Rev. E 61, 1755 (2000)], this paper describes a capacitative method for measuring the dynamical expansion coefficient of a viscous liquid. Data are presented for the glass-forming liquid tetramethyl tetraphenyl trisiloxane (DC704) in the ultraviscous regime. Compared to the method of Bauer et al., the dynamical range has been extended b...

Short complementary B-form DNA oligomers, 6 to 20 base pairs in length, are found to exhibit nematic and columnar liquid crystal phases, even though such duplexes lack the shape anisotropy required for liquid crystal ordering. Structural study shows that these phases are produced by the end-to-end adhesion and consequent stacking of the duplex oligomers into polydisperse anisotropic rod-shaped ...

Be diffusivity data in the bulk metallic glass forming alloy Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 are reported for temperatures between 530 and 710 K, extending 85 K into the supercooled liquid state of the alloy. At the glass transition temperature Tg, a change in temperature dependence of the data is observed, and above Tg the diffusivity increases more quickly with temperature than below. The data in ...

The structure of high-temperature liquids is an important topic for understanding the fragility of liquids. Here we report the structure of a high-temperature non-glass-forming oxide liquid, ZrO2, at an atomistic and electronic level. The Bhatia-Thornton number-number structure factor of ZrO2 does not show a first sharp diffraction peak. The atomic structure comprises ZrO5, ZrO6 and ZrO7 polyhe...