BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Urinary Citrate is an inhibitor of Calcium oxalate stone formation. It is reabsorbed in the proximal kidney through sodium dicarboxylate co-transporters (NaDC-1, NaDC-3) present in the renal tubular epithelium. Lithium (Li) is a known potent inhibitor of these transporters. We investigated the effect of lithium carbonate (LiC) and lithium citrate (LiCit) in regulating uri...

BACKGROUND Lithium carbonate is valuable and effective agent in the treatment and prophylaxis of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder (BD). Due to its narrow therapeutic range, frequent serum lithium estimation is necessary. To avoid the discomfort of frequent venipuncture, a non-invasive method for serum lithium concentration is needed. An alternative method of determining lithium lev...

Despite its narrow therapeutic window, lithium is still regarded as the gold standard comparator and benchmark treatment for mania. Recent attempts to find new drugs with similar therapeutic activities have yielded new chemical entities. However, these potential new drugs have yet to match the many bioactivities attributable to lithium's efficacy for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. ...

Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (aldo) levels, electrolyte levels, and blood pressures were measured in 16 patients with affective disorders taking lithium prophylactically, and in 16 age and sex-matched control subjects. PRA and aldo levels were significantly elevated in the lithium-treated group. There was no difference between the groups in plasma electrolytes or erect and supine bl...

Aims: Effectiveness of radioiodine for Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GD) depends on its intrathyroidal persistence, which could be enhanced by lithium by blocking the release of organic iodine and thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. The present aim focused on the effect of the addition of lithium carbonate to I therapy in patients with GD. Methods: 100 consecutive patients with GD were randomly ...

Lithium carbonate is now frequently used in the treatment of both unipolar and bipolar manic depressive states. It is generally thought that the adverse reactions of this drug are associated with plasma levels above the therapeutic range of 0.8-1.2 mmol/ litre, but they may also be associated with long-term usage of the medication within the recommended plasma concentrations. (Persson, 1977). T...

Lithium carbonate is used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder and is given to approximately 1 in every 200 patients with this psychiatric disease. Lithium, an element in the alkali metal group, has a variety of anti-thyroid effects, primarily goiter formation and hypothyroidism. Rarely, lithium may cause hyperthyroidism secondary to thyroiditis or through possible autoimmune actions....

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (H.P.T.) function was assessed in 17 patients on maintenance doses of lithium carbonate for a mean period of 21 months (range 1-67 months) and by serial studies on four patients from the start of lithium treatment for a maximum of six months. An exaggerated thyrotrophin (TSH) response to intravenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) occurred in 14 of the 17 pat...

used for the treatment of some psychiatric disorders (Marples, Christensen , Christensen , Ottosen and Nielsen, 1995). Many bipolar disorder patients become stabilized during the administration of lithium carbonate. Nevertheless, it produces several unwanted side effects, including polydipsia and polyuria (Penney and Hampton, 1990). At present, it is not clear the origin and mechanism of these ...