Sustainable development is perhaps the most significant and yet the most difficult problem that marketing – and human economic activity in general – face at the beginning of the third millennium. The paper starts by charting the state of affairs for marketing and sustainability so far. It then uses the analogy of a living system to explore the requirements for a sustainable marketing system and...

Life as an N-P problem is a philosophical, scientific and engineering concern. N-P problems can be understood and worked out via artificial life. However, these problems demand a new understanding of engineering, since engineering is basically a way of acting upon the world. Such a new engineering is known as non-conventional engineering or also as complex systems engineering. Bio-inspired syst...

The analysis and application of the evolutionary information, as measured by means of the conservation of protein sequences, using protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, has become one of the central research areas in systems biology from the last decade. It provides a promising approach for better understanding the evolution of living systems, for inferring relevant biological information...

atmospheric nitrogen fixation as an exclusive phenomenon is accomplished by nitrogenase enzyme of prokaryotic microorganisms namely diazotrophs including bacteria, actinomycets and cyanobacteria. nitrogen fixation is accomplished as form of symbiotic, associative and free-living systems. in free-living systems nitrogen is fixed without the help of plants. azotobacter, the first diazotroph was d...

The cardinality of the class, C, of complex intelligent systems, i.e., systems of intelligent systems and their resources, is steadily increasing. Such an increase, whether designed, sometimes changes significantly and fundamentally, the structure of C. Recently, the study of members of C and its structure comes under a variety of multidisciplinary headings the most prominent of which include G...