clinical studies suggest that essential oil of eugenia caryophyllata (clove) buds (eoec) is efficacious in the treatment of dental pain. in the present study, we investigated the analgesic and local anesthetic effects of eoec and its possible mechanisms of action in acute corneal pain in rats. eoec was extracted by hydro-distillation in a clevenger type apparatus from clove buds. the acute corn...

The use of high concentration (0.2-0.25%) of local anaesthetic in the past to maintain labour analgesia has been superseded by the use of low concentration (0.0625-0.125%) of either bupivacaine or ropicavaine. Ropicavaine is a new local anaesthetic that has preferential sensory blockade and less motor blockade compared to bupivacaine. Combined with low doses of opioid (such as fentanyl), the sa...

Background: Many intrathecal adjuvants are being used with local anesthetics to prolong the intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Clonidine buprenorphine known potentiate effects of anesthestics. Aims Objectives: This study was designed compare duration analgesia as well sensory motor block onset, hemodynamic changes, perioperative complications between clonidine when an adjuva...

Ensuring analgesia both intraoperatively and postoperatively by the administration of local anesthetics or opioid through epidural catheter is a widespread method. On the other hand, after thoracic and major abdominal surgery, optimal perioperative anesthesia and analgesia can be provided through thoracic epidural analgesia and thus, postoperative morbidity and mortality can be decreased specif...

This review describes the beneficial effects of the use of epidural drugs for pre-emptive analgesia, intraoperative analgesia with an inhalant-sparing effect, and prolonged postoperative analgesia. Epidural morphine oxymorphone, or hydromorphone is recommended for use in small animals in combination with a local anesthetic of appropriate duration for procedures involving the hind end, although ...

BACKGROUND Thoracotomy induces severe postoperative pain and impairment of pulmonary function, and therefore regional analgesia has been intensively studied in this procedure. Thoracic epidural analgesia is commonly considered the "gold standard" in this setting; however, evaluation of the evidence is needed to assess the comparative benefits of alternative techniques, guide clinical practice a...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of epidural ropivacaine 0.15%, levobupivacaine 0.15% and ropivacaine 0.15% plus fentanyl 2 µg/ml, used with a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) device after Caesarean section. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty women undergoing elective Caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia were en...

Epidural analgesia has widespread use in infants and children for postoperative pain management and for certain chronic pain conditions such as cancer pain and complex regional pain syndrome. While epidurals can provide excellent analgesia in pediatric patients, they do require specific expertise in both the techniques of placement and in the management. Pediatric-specific protocols and guideli...

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid block is a widely used technique for cesarean section. To improve the quality of analgesia and prolong the duration of analgesia, addition of intrathecal opioids to local anesthetics has been encouraged. We compared the effects of sufentanil 2.5 µg and 5 µg, which were added to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine. METHODS We enrolled 105 full term parturients were rando...