Appropriate use of local hemostatic agent is one of the important factors on the prognosis of endodontic microsurgery. However, most investigations to date focus on the hemostatic efficacy of the agents, whereas their biologic characteristics have not received enough attention. The purpose of this paper was to review the biologic response of local hemostatic agents, and to provide clinical guid...

The functional responses (e.g., dielectric, magnetic, catalytic, etc.) of many industrially-relevant materials are controlled by their local structure-a term that refers to the atomic arrangements on a scale ranging from atomic (sub-nanometer) to several nanometers. Thus, accurate knowledge of local structure is central to understanding the properties of nanostructured materials, thereby placin...

local scouring around bridge piers is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive process of flowing stream on alluvial beds. the 3d flow field around bridge piers interacting with the bed materials increases complexity of local scour process. the local scour depth develops in accelerated flows and if it is not predicted correctly, the bottom level of local scour hole will exceed the original le...