A Michelson interferometer is illuminated by a broadband light source (e.g. light-emitting diode, superluminescent diode, arc or incandescent lamp). At the output of the interferometer, a CCD camera is used as a multiple detector. The measured object is placed in one arm of the interferometer and moved in the longitudinal direction as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. The surface of the object ...

Wood shrinks during drying with the departure of bond water. Along the fibre direction, the magnitude of this shrinkage is mainly governed by the orientation of cellulose microfibrils (MF) in the cell wall. However, tension wood has an unexpectedly high longitudinal shrinkage considering the fact that MFs are oriented nearly parallel to the cell direction. This effect is thought to be due to th...

Methods 12 volunteers (26±7 years) and 2 patients (46, DCM/29, LBBB) were investigated at a 3T whole body MR scanner (Achieva, Philips) with a 32 channel cardiac coil. A 3D black blood velocity encoded navigated segmented gradient echo sequence (3D-TPM) was applied for whole heart coverage. The acquisition parameters were: FOV=380mm, isotropic resolution of 3x3x3mm, FOV in through-plane directi...

Based on space temperature field test in solid tower of extradosed cable-stayed bridge, the method to calculate the space temperature field in solid concrete bridge tower is put forward systematically. By defining a series of meteorological parameters and concrete thermal parameters, the bridge tower temperature distribution is gotten. Compared with the experimental data, error is found within ...

Nanotwins can improve mechanical strength and maintain high electrical conductivity in metallic nanowires. We demonstrated a method of pulsed-laser-assisted electrodeposition, which could form dense nanotwins with tunable directions in copper nanowires of uniform sizes. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed with a growth potential of -0:2 V, nanotwins tend to align along the ...

Microdamage in bone contributes to the loss of bone quality in osteoporosis and is thought to play a major role in both fragility and stress fractures (Schaffler et al. 1995). In this study, in vivo microcracks in human ribs were bulk-stained in basic fuchsin and viewed in longitudinal section and in 3 dimensions using 2 different computer-based methods of reconstruction: (1) serial sectioning ...

We measured the optical properties of muscular tissue using several methods. Collimated transmission measurements of thin slabs showed spatial anisotropy of the scattering processes. Surface roughness of the sample disables the calculation of the extinction coefficient from these measurements. From angular intensity measurements we found a scattering asymmetry parameter g = 0.96. In fresh sampl...

Although physical activity has been widely recognized as an important influential factor in determining the risk of obesity, the results in the existing literature empirically examining such issue are mixed. Especially for China, relevant studies are rarely found. One aim of this study is to test the direction of effects between obesity and physical activity. It uses longitudinal data to invest...

We report a microwave study of the longitudinal and transverse transport properties of the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor (TMTSF)2PF6 in its normal phase. The contactless technique have provided a direct measurement of the temperature profile of the resistivity along the b' direction and in magnetic fields up to 14 T. A characteristic energy scale (Tx ∼ 40K) has been observed which del...

Characteristics of electron-cooled bunched ion beams have been studied using the particle-tracking simulation in which the space-charge force and the force induced through the transverse broadband impedance are taken into account. The beams become space-charge dominated during the bunching of coasting beams. The simulation results show that the beams meet the transverse instability which can be...