Recent developments in tissue engineering approaches frequently revolve around the use of three-dimensional scaffolds to function as the template for cellular activities to repair, rebuild and regenerate damaged or lost tissues. While there are several biomaterials to select as three-dimensional scaffolds, it is generally agreed that a biomaterial to be used in tissue engineering needs to posse...

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, but they also have nutritional and therapeutic values and are becoming popular as dietary supplements (1). These molecules also find wide applications in protein research and biotechnology product development. The idea that they could have value in such applications stems from the use of certain amino acids and other low– molecular-weight organic...

Enzymes subjected to freeze-thawing are known to be protected by polymers that are preferentially excluded from the hydrated surface of proteins [reviewed in Carpenter et al. (1994) ACS Symp. Ser. 567, 134-147]. Preferentially excluded solutes are also known to stabilize quaternary structure, which enhances the thermostability of multimeric proteins in aqueous systems. Also, it has been suggest...

DNA extraction is the first committed step in every molecular biological endeavour. This biomolecule can be isolated from any material for subsequent downstream processes. Most available protocols nucleic acid entail use of either lyophilized tissues or liquid nitrogen tissue grinding. These procedures pose a major limitation such protocols, especially parts world where and freeze-dryer are not...