The country risk premium predicted by the dynamic real business cycle models in emerging markets is procyclical, whereas it countercyclical data. This paper proposes a model which time-varying emerges endogenously through variant of Bernanke–Gertler–Gilchrist financial accelerator mechanism. estimated can account for volatility and countercyclicality as well other key moments. Time-varying unce...

security has two dimensions of subjective (security feeling) and objective. there are preconditions for security feeling in society that one of the preconditions, the existence of security in the society. these levels are linked together and the interaction between these two levels of objective and subjective that security in the society is achieved.therefore, in this article we have tried to e...

s tructural change is defined as a change in the relative weight of the important constituents of the macro-economic indicator such as production, taxes, imports and exports, workforce etc. since the structure change is one of the main reasons for the growth and economic development of countries, the investigation of the trend of changes in economic important constituents is important. tax as a...