Background: Macrophage polarization plays a critical role in determining the inflammatory states. Hepcidin is a key negative regulator of iron homeostasis and functions. Although hepcidin has been shown to affect ferroportin expression in macrophages, whether it affects macrophage polarization is still largely unknown. Objective: To address whether hepcidin ind...

Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...

ABSTRACT Host-derived antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the defense against extracellular bacterial infections. However, capacity of derived from macrophages as potential antibacterial effectors intracellular pathogens remains unknown. In this study, we report that normal (wild-type, WT) mouse increased their expression cathelin-related peptide (CRAMP, encoded by Camp) after infe...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is physical damage to the brain structure which has a high global rate of mortality and morbidity. tbi can cause intense inflammatory response due to accumulation of leukocytes in cerebral matrix and activation of microglia. microglia can differentiate into m1 macrophages or m2 macrophages following the changes in biochemical properties of brain tissue. m1 sub type ...

background &objectives; : high fat (hf) diet by affecting the oxidative stress and nitric oxide (no) production may lead to different effects on function of the heart after myocardial infarction (mi). in the present study we aimed to address the hypothesis that high release of no by activated macrophages affects lv function after mi. methods : the animals were randomly divided into four groups ...

introduction: based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. in this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in balb/c mice. methods: the present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivatio...

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of the α and β subunits, regulates cellular adaptive responses to hypoxia. Macrophages, which are derived from monocytes, function as antigen-presenting cells that activate various immune responses. HIF-1α response, viability, migration, phenotypic plasticity, metabolism macrophages. Specifically, macrophage-deriv...

background: in this study the level of il-23 and il-27 produced by macrophages derived from peri­pheral blood mononuclear cell culture collected from patients with healing or non-healing form of cutane­ous leishmaniasis lesion were compared before and after treatment with live leishmania to explore whether il-23 or il-27 plays any role in healing process of cutaneous lesions induced by l. major...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate antileishmanial effects of asa via no pathway in leishmania major infected balb/c mice. moreover, toxicity and pathological consequences of asa administration were investigated. methods: balb/c mice were infected with l. major and asa was inoculated orally after lesion appearance for its ability to modulate no and to modify leishmania infect...