Major salivary gland absence is a rare disorder. The cause of congenital absence of the salivary glands has not been determined, but it may be associated with ectodermal defects of the first and second branchial arches. Isolated absence of a unilateral submandibular gland is an unusual entity with less than ten cases reported in the literature. The etiopathogenesis of isolated absence of a majo...

BACKGROUND To determine if cholecystectomy can be performed satisfactorily without the use of adjunctive intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), we planned a retrospective analysis at a Canadian university teaching hospital. METHODS General operative morbidity and mortality (in particular, occurrences and complications of missed choledocholithiasis and reoperations for same, and occurrences of ...

thoracic duct is a duct that drains the lymph from the cisterna chily into the venous angle of the cranial vena vava. thoracic duct in the horse is situated on the right side, but in rare cases the left thoracic duct has been reported. in this report the course and left position of the thoracic duct in an embalmed donkey is described. regarding many anatomical similarities between horse and don...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Dilation of the salivary gland papilla for access is well-recognized as one of the major rate-limiting steps to sialendoscopy and has been shown to be a major challenge for beginners. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that an algorithm involving multiple techniques for salivary duct access in sialendoscopy results in excellent success rates and acceptable operat...

A non-randomised single centre study of 226 consecutive patients referred over 10 years with retained common bile duct stones and a T tube in situ or a cholecystostomy tube are reported. Percutaneous extraction was attempted in 204 and endoscopic extraction in 68 patients. Percutaneous clearance was achieved in 158 (77.5%) patients and endoscopic clearance in 52 (76.5%) patients. Six of 153 (3....

Anatomic variations in forensic extrahepatic bile ducts is common. Knowledge of extrahepatic bile duct variations is important for surgeons in order to prevent iatrogenic damage during surgery. This study aims to determine the variations in extrahepatic bile ducts among 150 cadavers located at the Kerman Medicine Organization. We performed autopsies on 150 cadavers. Bile ducts were exposed an...

A complete R0 resection is the standard treatment in patients with gallbladder cancer and the only potentially definitive curative therapy. Major hepatectomy, including right or extended right hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection, would be an option in patients with locally advanced gallbladder cancer, while morbidity and mortality rate are still high. Herein, we report a case of a...

The dynamics of the major disruption of DIII-D discharge 87009 are investigated with the NIMROD code fSovinec et al., J. Comput. Phys. 195, 355 s2004dg. To explore the time dynamics in a computationally efficient manner, a fixed-boundary equilibrium is used to model the physics of a plasma being heated through an ideal magnetohydrodynamic sMHDd instability threshold. This simulation shows a fas...

Signaling through the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and autophagy. It is therefore a major target of microbial infections and tumors. Protozoa of the Leishmania genus cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, termed leishmaniases, with clinical manif...

Pancreas divisum (PD) is the most common congenital variant of the pancreas, affecting 5% to 14% of the population. The ventral duct only drains the ventral pancreas through the major papilla, whereas the majority of the pancreas drains via the dorsal duct through the minor papilla. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with recurrent acute pancreatitis who presented with the rare finding o...