BACKGROUND The incidence of a difficult laryngoscopy/intubation, which could lead to failed intubation is in the range of 1.5%-13%. Failed intubation may lead to hypoxia, brain damage or death. Preoperative evaluation of the airway can be accomplished by non-invasive bedside clinical tests during physical examination. We studied interobserver variability for non-invasive prediction of difficult...

Objective: This review article aims to understand the basic airway anatomy, bronchoscopy in high risk patients, premedication and performing procedure patients on anticoagulation. Basic is done by pulmonologists, intensivists, thoracic surgery, anesthesiologists. After a literature search from several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Update...

This study aims to compare the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation performed with direct and video laryngoscope in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery and to assess the airway and laryngoscopic characteristics. One hundred ten patients were equally allocated to either direct Macintosh laryngoscope (n = 55) or indirect Macintosh C-MAC video laryngoscope (n = 55). Systolic, diasto...

OBJECTIVE To assess magnitude and predisposing factors of difficult airway during induction of general anaesthesia. METHODS Hospital based cross sectional study carried out to determine the incidence of difficult mask ventilation, difficult laryngoscopy (Cormack and Lehane III and IV), difficult intubation (IDS ≥ 5), and failed intubation. The association between each predisposing factor and ...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the performance of modified Mallampati score, 3-3-2 rule and palm print in prediction of difficult intubation. METHODS In a prospective descriptive study, data from 500 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were collected. An anesthesiologist evaluated the airway using mentioned tests and another anesthesiologist evaluated difficult i...

BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that avoiding neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) may be a risk factor for difficult tracheal intubation (DTI). We investigated whether avoiding NMBA was associated with DTI. METHODS A cohort of 103,812 consecutive patients planned for tracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy was retrieved from the Danish Anaesthesia Database. We used an intubation sco...

The hyomental distance ratio (HMDR) is the ratio between the hyomental distance (HMD) (the distance between the hyoid bone and the tip of the chin) at the extreme of head extension (HMDe) and the one in the neutral position (HMDn). The objective of the study was to examine the predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of HMDe, HMDn, and HMDR in predicting difficult endotracheal intubation ...