Apples fruit quality is mainly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Various possible pomological approaches are able to improve market value. Among these, techniques of bagging summer pruning have become an integral part practises in many countries, because it a safe eco-friendly technique protect fruits from multiple stresses, preserving or improving the overall quality. The consists esse...

In this study, we used apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Rubin grafts on dwarfing P60 rootstock. Our planting scheme was single rows with 1.25 m between trees and 3.5 rows. The aim of study to determine the impact canopy training treatments, as a stress factor, metabolic response obtain key information how improve physiological behavior management growth development trees. results indicat...