the system of education is absolutely on the greatest and most complicated innovations of human being. today, in every country huge investments are made for education a large population of children, by a great number of people. it is obvious that education, which is related to the most valuable assets of nations, cannot be managed without using scientific tactics. productivity is a relatively a...

Imposing caps on managers’ pay has been a popular way to discipline managers of companies or banks that got into trouble during the recent financial crisis. Using a small extension of the standard principal-agent model, we argue that pay caps may serve the opposite purpose because the agent can be better off with a pay cap. Specifically, we show that, given a fixed effort level to be implemente...

Over the past decade, academic research has identifi ed a number of replication strategies capable of capturing between 40% to 80% of the average return of many popular hedge fund strategies. Investors are beginning to take notice of these replication strategies, especially because of their rule based, transparent features and the fact that they can be executed at low cost. Armed with this alte...

behaviors of nurse managers that staff nurses identify as supportive? If nurse managers are to be optimally effective, they must know and enact the behaviors that convey support to staff. Only staff nurses can identify these supportive behaviors and, through valid measurement, provide the necessary feedback to nurse managers, who in turn have the power to change and alter that aspect of the wor...

behaviors of nurse managers that staff nurses identify as supportive? If nurse managers are to be optimally effective, they must know and enact the behaviors that convey support to staff. Only staff nurses can identify these supportive behaviors and, through valid measurement, provide the necessary feedback to nurse managers, who in turn have the power to change and alter that aspect of the wor...

Oscillatory brain activity in the theta frequency range (4-8 Hz) before the onset of an event has been shown to affect the likelihood of successfully encoding the event into memory. Recent work has also indicated that frontal theta activity might be modulated by reward, but it is not clear how reward expectancy, anticipatory theta activity, and memory formation might be related. Here, we used s...

This article addresses issues for child protection managers, such as hiring, program design, service evaluation, and policy development. It presents three frameworks for levels of organizational change: cultural sensitivity, which modifies existing services to better meet the needs of target populations; self-reflective cultural sensitivity, which calls for managers to be aware of personal and ...

Multivariate reward processes with reward functions of constant rates, defined on a semi-Markov process, first were studied by Masuda and Sumita, 1991. Reward processes with nonlinear reward functions were introduced in Soltani, 1996. In this work we study a multivariate process , , where are reward processes with nonlinear reward functions respectively. The Laplace transform of the covar...

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether brain oscillations play a role in rewarded learning. Previous research has shown that alpha oscillations in ventromedial prefrontal cortex are correlated with the reward prediction error from a reinforcement learning model of a subject's choice behavior in the Iowa Gambling Task. However, the macroscopic extent of these oscillations,...

PURPOSE This article explores the participation of healthcare managers in professional development (PD) activities, the reasons for seeking PD and the perceived support of their organizations in terms of reward and recognition. METHODOLOGY An exploratory survey was emailed to current and past members of three professional associations who share similar missions "to provide educational and net...