Condorcet extensions have long held a prominent place in social choice theory. A extension will return the winner as unique whenever such an alternative exists. However, definition of does not take into account possible manipulation by voters. profile where all agents vote truthfully may winner, but this end up set winners if are acting strategically. Focusing on class tournament solutions, we ...

BACKGROUND Distal radius fractures are among common fractures in the elderly. Regarding the age, background diseases, and possible risks, analgesia method is of great importance in this group. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare two analgesia methods including hematoma block and general anesthesia in people over 60 years in the orthopedic emergency department. METHODS 68 elderly...

BACKGROUND Epidural or spinal anesthesia involves several mechanisms hypothesized to reduce risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) during this decisive period. This study aims to compare the risk of SSI within 30 days of surgery for patients receiving total hip or knee replacement under general anesthesia versus those under epidural or spinal anesthesia. METHODS We used the Longitudinal Heal...

The effects of surgical bowel manipulation and anesthesia on intestinal glucose absorption were determined in chronically catheterized rats. Total and passive rates of glucose absorption were measured using 3-O-methyl-glucose (3OMG) and L-glucose, metabolically inert analogues of D-glucose. The rates of 3OMG absorption immediately postoperative and 4 h later were 86 and 62% less than the absorp...

in this study, it was intended to investigate the persian native speakers’ perception of gerunds by three different elicitation techniques i.e., written, audio, and pictorial through translation. eighty intermediate learners of english were asked to select persian translation of the gerund formsin these elicitation techniques. they were asked to choose one option from a pair of written first la...

BACKGROUND Specific alternation of rhythm in temperature (SART)-stressed rats, an animal model of autonomic imbalance, exhibit low blood pressure and tachycardia during consciousness and under anesthesia. In addition, these rats easily develop orthostatic hypotension (OH) as a response to postural manipulation. Hence, we studied the influence of the adrenalin α1-receptor agonist phenylephrine o...

Objective To investigate the, equine inflammatory response to ventral midline celiotomy in the absence of gastrointestinal disease horses varying body condition scores primarily using serial measurements serum amyloid A (SAA). Design Experimental clinical study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Ten adult light breed free any disease, 5 with score (BCS) 3–4/9 and BCS 7–8/9. Interven...

The vasovagal response is characterized by an inappropriate combination of bradycardia and paradoxical vasodilation. During a general or neuraxial anesthesia-induced sympathectomy, a sudden vagal activation and/or an acute reduction in sympathetic tone can cause serious vasovagal responses. Neuraxial anesthesia for Cesarean section may trigger vasovagal response, due to multiple risk factors; h...