We analyze the problem of allocating cost savings from sharing demand information in a three-level supply chain with a manufacturer, a distributor and a retailer. To …nd a unique allocation scheme we use concepts from cooperative game theory. First, we compute analytically the expected cost incurred by the manufacturer and then use simulation to obtain expected costs for the distributor and the...

The government organizations grant incentives to promote green product consumption, improve green product quality, boost remanufacturing activities, etc. through various policies. The objective of this study is to highlight pros and cons of two incentive policies, namely (1) incentive on manufacturer’s R&D investment and (2) direct incentive to consumer based on greening level of the product on...

Due to the hugely populated world, recycling of used products has become most significant perspective in e-commerce. The scientists have been exploring how increases degree recyclability and green innovation level. This paper considers a supply chain with manufacturer, retailer, supplier, collector. manufacturer can increase or decrease level by changing quality raw materials. He sells them thr...

The application of big data targeted advertising in the green supply chain makes marketing products more accurate and effective. This paper applies game theory to study decisions coordination issues a which online retailer conducts advertising. A centralized model two Stackelberg models (an online-retailer-led decentralized manufacturer-led model) were constructed solved. zero wholesale price-s...

This paper considers advertising, collection and pricing decisions simultaneously for a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with one manufacturer (he) and two retailers (she). A multiplicatively separable new demand function is proposed which influenced by pricing and advertising. In this paper, three well-known scenarios in the game theory including the Nash, Stackelberg and Cooperative games are ...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop and compare two co-op advertising models: advertising model under traditional channel and co-op advertising model under dual channel, to select optimal channel structure to sell products for manufacturer and to derive optimal co-op advertising strategies for the manufacturer and the retailer. Design/methodology/approach: Stackelberg game theoreti...

This paper characterizes the class of Pareto optimal returns policies between a manufacturer and a retailer who receives consumer returns. The manufacturer may take a costly hidden action that reduces the expected number of products returned by consumers, which when realized is hidden information known only to the retailer. When faced with consumer returns, the retailer must decide whether to s...

The rapid change of the product life cycle is making the parameters of the supply chain models more and more uncertain. Therefore, we consider the coordination mechanisms between one manufacturer and one retailer in a fuzzy decision marking environment, where the parameters of the models can be forecasted and expressed as the triangular fuzzy variables. The centralized decision-making system, t...

T study extends the single-period vertical price interaction in a manufacturer–retailer dyad to a multiperiod setting. A manufacturer distributes a durable product through an exclusive retailer to an exhaustible population of consumers with heterogeneous reservation prices. In each period, the manufacturer and retailer in turn set wholesale and retail prices, respectively, and customers with va...

An increasing number of supply-chain models are related to the following structure: (i) a manufacturer supplies a product to a retailer—who fixes a retail price and then retails the product to the consumers; (ii) the effect of the retail price on sales volume is dictated by a deterministic demand curve known to both parties. Results from these models depend very much on the 'gaming process' tha...