background: the purpose of this study was to describe the association of mthfr gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (c677t and a1298c) and maternal supplementary folate intake with orofacial clefts in the iranian population. methods: in this case-control study, peripheral venous blood was taken from 65 patients with orofacial clefts and 215 unaffected controls for dna extraction and kept in edt...

sulfur mustard (sm) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the world war i and more recently during gulf war in the early 1980s'. sm is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. since sm has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the iraqi regime against the iranian soldiers as well as ...

background oral cleft is the most common orofacial congenital anomaly among live births. this anomaly at birth is one of the main causes of children disability and mortality.  congenital heart disease (chd) is one of the most common anomalies in oral clefts.  this study aimed to assess the incidence of congenital heart diseases anomalies in newborns with oral clefts. materials and methods this ...

BACKGROUND Several risk factors are generally accepted to portend more aggressive behavior of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. These include tumor size, tumor depth, histologic subtype, location on the lip or ear, tumor arising in scar, recurrent tumor, and tumor demonstrating perineural invasion. Organ transplant recipients can have significant morbidity and mortality from squamous cell carc...

background: betel nut and betel quid chewing are from major etiological factor for oral cancer. they also increase the risk of systemic diseases such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. methods: sixty three patients of oral cancer in our institution during jan. 2007 to may 2011 were included in our study. this...

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, or chondroectodermal dysplasia, is an autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic clinical manifestations. Its incidence in the general population is low. The oral manifestations of Ellis-van Creveld are found in soft tissues and teeth, but the dental literature on the subject is scarce. In the last 20 years, 5 cases of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome have been follo...

The frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. The frena may jeopardize the gingival health when they are attached too closely to the gingival margin, either due to an interference in the plaque control or due to a muscle pull. In addition to this, the maxillary frenum may present aesthetic problems or...

A new species of triplefin fish (Blenniiformes: Tripterygiidae), Helcogramma williamsi, is described from six specimens collected from southern Taiwan. This species is well distinguished from its congeners by possessing 13 second dorsal-fin spines; third dorsal-fin rays modally 11; anal-fin rays modally 19; pored scales in lateral line 22-24; dentary pore pattern modally 5+1+5; lobate supraorbi...

The use of flaps to reconstruct lip defects requires detailed knowledge of the local vasculature. New flaps for surgery around the mouth can be devised if the surgeon knows the distribution of the perioral arterial branches. Examination of the anatomy of perioral branches of the facial artery (FA) confirmed the consistent presence of septal and alar branches in the upper lip and a labiomental b...

operating carried out successfully in three cases recently under his care. He had studied the many and various methods previously suggested and practised for the removal of these growths, and although his own method was not original in some of the details, he believed that in its entirety the procedure was new. Having freely admitted that some growths in this region might be removed by other th...