This paper provides new estimates of the effect of household gun prevalence on homicide rates, and infers the marginal external cost of handgun ownership. The estimates utilize a superior proxy for gun prevalence, the percentage of suicides committed with a gun, which we validate. Using countyand state-level panels for 20 years, we estimate the elasticity of homicide with respect to gun prevale...

In this paper we discuss the differences between the average marginal effect and the marginal effect of the average individual in sample selection models, estimated by Heckman’s two step procedure. We show that the bias that emerges as a consequence of interchanging them, could be very significant, even in the limit. We suggest a computationally cheap approximation method, which corrects the bi...

This paper provides two potential explanations for the persistence of zeros in bilateral trade data. The theory predicts that (1) the existence of a fixed entry cost can generate a lower effect of financial development on the creation of new bilateral trade relationships, and that (2) the effect of financial development can be lower in countries with a low initial development of the local finan...

It is well-known that a conditional independence statement for discrete variables is equivalent to constraining to zero a suitable set of log–linear interactions. In this paper we show that this is also equivalent to zero constraints on suitable sets of marginal log–linear interactions, that can be formulated within a class of smooth marginal log–linear models. This result allows much more flex...

We find marginal-Fermi-liquid- (MFL) like behavior in the Hubbard model on a square lattice for a range of hole doping and on-site interaction parameter U. Thereby we use a self-consistent projection operator method. It enables us to compute the momentum and frequency dependence of the single-particle excitations with high resolution. The Fermi surface is found to be holelike in the underdoped ...

This paper considers some fundamental questions concerning marginally trapped surfaces, or apparent horizons, in Cauchy data sets for the Einstein equation. An area estimate for outermost marginally trapped surfaces is proved. The proof makes use of an existence result for marginal surfaces, in the presence of barriers, curvature estimates, together with a novel surgery construction for margina...

Based on dietary intake recommendations, magnesium deficiency commonly occurs throughout the world. However, widespread pathological conditions induced by dietary magnesium deficiency have not been identified. This discrepancy may be caused by other dietary factors ameliorating or exacerbating the response to a marginal magnesium deficiency and/or the length of the deficiency. Thus, a study was...

This paper estimates the dynamic effects of marginal tax rate changes on income reported on tax returns in the United States over the 1950-2010 period. After isolating exogenous variation in average marginal tax rates in structural vector autoregressions using a narrative identification approach, I find large positive effects in the top 1% of the income distribution. In contrast to earlier find...