Parameter inference in mechanistic models based on non-affine differential equations is computationally onerous, and various faster alternatives based on gradient matching have been proposed. A particularly promising approach is based on nonparametric Bayesian modelling with Gaussian processes, which exploits the fact that a Gaussian process is closed under differentiation. However, two alterna...

We propose an extension of popular descriptors based on gradient orientation histograms (HOG, computed in a single image) to multiple views. It hinges on interpreting HOG as a conditional density in the space of sampled images, where the effects of nuisance factors such as viewpoint and illumination are marginalized. However, such marginalization is performed with respect to a very coarse appro...

Survey propagation (SP) is a message passing procedure that attempts to model all the fixed points of Belief Propagation (BP), thereby improving BP’s approximation in loopy graphs where BP’s assumptions do not hold. For this, SP messages represent distributions over BP messages. Unfortunately this requirement makes SP intractable beyond constraint satisfaction problems because, to perform gener...

Historically, in Canada, rural nurses provided health care that incorporated not only care of disease processes and acute illness but also care related to social and political aspects of need and advocacy. With the advent of urbanized, acute hospital care and the focus of disease and cure, the role of the rural nurse was diminished. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the rural ...

The literature on the economics of airline codesharing has suggested that codeshare agreements serve to eliminate double marginalization that exists when unaffiliated airlines independently determine the price for different segments of an interline trip. Using a structural econometric model, this paper investigates whether codeshare contracts do eliminate double marginalization. The results sug...

Improper priors are used frequently, but often formally and without reference to a sound theoretical basis. A consequence is the occurrence of seemingly paradoxical results. The most famous example is perhaps given by the marginalization paradoxes presented by Stone and Dawid (1972). It is demonstrated here that the seemingly paradoxical results are removed by a more careful formulation of the ...

The rapid pace of technological advancement and its consequential widening digital divide has resulted in the marginalization of the disabled especially the communication challenged. The dearth of suitable technologies for the development of assistive technologies has served to further marginalize the communications challenged user population and widen this chasm even further. Given the varying...

This preliminary study draws upon previous research to analyze the black-white income gap in America by examining trends in mean and median household incomes, educational attainment, and unemployment rates from 1966-2001. I examine some historic themes to racism and how they persist through income inequality today. Through this research I hope to highlight that there is much work to do to minim...

This paper studies externalities of nationally determined cost-sharing systems, in particular coinsurance rates (patients pay a percentage of the price), under pharmaceutical parallel trade, i.e. trade outside the manufacturer’s authorized distribution channel, in a two-country model with a vertical distributor relationship. Parallel trade generates a price-decreasing competition e¤ect in the d...

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately impact not only access to—but also use of— information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate ...